Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

The Relationship Between Nutritional Status and Immunological Response in Children with HIV/AIDS at Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Indonesia

2023-10-24T11:31:28+07:00

Introduction: HIV infection and malnutrition are strongly linked and correlated. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, malnutrition is suspected to disrupt antiretroviral (ART) drug absorption. This research is aimed at determining the relationship between nutritional status and immunological response in children with HIV/AIDS taking ART. Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective analytic study was conducted on 30 children with HIV/AIDS in the pediatric clinic at Wangaya Hospital, using medical record data. The sample was taken with purposive sampling. Nutritional status was defined as poor (weight per height [WHZ] < -2 for children <5 years old and BMI for age [BAZ] <-2 for children ≥5 years old) and good nutrition (WHZ ≥-2 and <+1 for <5 years old children and BAZ ≥-2 and <+1 for ≥5 years old). Immunological response was seen by the increase in CD4 level through a certain time span and categorized into poor (did not increase or increase below the average) and good response (increase above the average). The data was analyzed using Chi-Square. Results: There is no significant relationship between nutritional status and immunological response in children with HIV/AIDS (p = 0.660). There was an almost equal amount of each immunological response category for both good and poor nutritional status. Conclusion: This study showed no difference in immunological response among children with either good or poor nutritional status. Further research on other confounding factors that may affect immunological responses is needed.

The Effect of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) Extract on HDL Levels in Wistar Rats of Metabolic Syndrome Model

2023-12-07T12:30:53+07:00

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is characterized by hypertension, central obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Hylocereus polyrhizus is known for its potential in treating metabolic syndrome. Method: Laboratory experimental study with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups: K1 and K2 as negative and positive control, K3, K4, and K5 as groups receiving red dragon fruit extract at doses of 60, 120, and 180 mg/200 gBW. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, paired T-test, and Pearson correlation. Results: The highest HDL levels were observed in K5, while the lowest was in K1. Pearson correlation revealed a strong relationship between the dose of Hylocereus polyrhizus and HDL levels. Conclusion: Hylocereus polyrhizus extract could significantly increase HDL level. In this study, the optimal dose was 180 mg/200 gBW.

Surveillance and Spread of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD).

2024-07-19T11:26:04+07:00

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral illness primarily affecting children. HFMD is caused by various types of coxsackievirus and enterovirus; the main causes are coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus A71. This article discusses HFMD surveillance and its spread in several countries, including China, Singapore, and Indonesia, aiming to understand the surveillance processes and HFMD distribution to formulate effective prevention and management strategies.

Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Insipidus

2024-02-15T17:06:22+07:00

Diabetes insipidus is a part of the polyuria-polydipsia syndrome, defined as urine output greater than 50 mL/kgBW accompanied by high fluid intake. This disease is classified into 4 types: central, nephrogenic, dipsogenic, and gestational. This disease is extremely rare and can easily go unnoticed. Different types of diabetes insipidus have different therapies.

Asymptomatic Unilateral Duplex Collecting System with Complete Duplication of Ureters in Right Kidney: A Three-dimensional Computed Tomography Scan Findings

2023-12-11T19:38:23+07:00

Introduction: Most people with ureteral duplications never experience any symptoms, so the condition goes unreported despite being one of the most prevalent kidney anomalies. Case: A 31-year-old female visited our medical facility for a routine checkup. Kidney function and complete urine analysis were normal. Ultrasonography revealed what appears to be a duplex collecting system in the right kidney, with two distinct noncommunicating renal pelvices. A 3D computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with contrast revealed a duplex collecting system in the right kidney. Conclusion: Radiologists play a crucial role in detecting these abnormalities.

Recovery of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and T1-T2 Cardiac Mapping with Lake Louise Criteria in Patients with Acute Myocarditis

2023-11-28T11:49:02+07:00

Myocarditis is a condition characterized by inflammation in the myocardium. Myocarditis is difficult to diagnose, due to its multiple, heterogeneous manifestations with many differential diagnoses. T1 and T2 cardiac mapping were added as a criterion in the revised Lake Louise Criteria (LLC). The revised criteria have been reported to have higher sensitivity. We included two patients diagnosed with myocarditis based on the revised LLC. All patients were diagnosed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which includes late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1-T2 mapping. LGE is a technique frequently used in CMR to visualize cardiac tissue, whichis most sensitive to fibrosis. Revised LLC includes quantitative measures of T1 and T2 value, and T1-T2 mapping is advantageously related to its ability to quantitatively assess myocardial abnormalities. CMR using LGE combined with T1-T2 mapping allows the diagnosis of myocarditis. Recovery of T1 and T2 values during follow-up allows quantitative measurement of patients’ condition and treatment success.

Prevention of Severe Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Melalui Vaksinasi Enterovirus 71

2024-07-25T09:53:55+07:00

Indonesian Ministry of Health detected an increasing trend in suspected hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in all provinces in Indonesia in 2024. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main cause of severe HFMD and death. There has been no specific therapy for EV71. EV71 vaccine has been developed and approved by regulatory agencies in various countries (China, Thailand, and Indonesia) for the prevention of HFMD due to EV71. Multi-center phase IV study showed a good safety profile with an AEFI of 1,079%. Most AEFIs are grades 1 and 2.

Current Comprehensive Management in Tackling Re-Emergency of Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) in Indonesia: A Scoping Review

2023-11-18T15:11:24+07:00

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an exanthematous disease with the main manifestation of a maculopapular rash eruption on the hands, feet, and mouth accompanied by fever with potentially serious complications in children under five-years-old. Indonesia has a recurring cycle of HFMD outbreaks, making it a re-emergent disease. The author conducted a systematic search in three databases, including Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, and Science Direct, with the keywords "hand, foot, and mouth disease,"enterovirus", and "therapy," published from 2000 until 2023. A total of 791 studies were included in the analysis, and their quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The currently available comprehensive HFMD management includes prevention, therapy, and complication management. Current research has not succeeded in uncovering a definitive treatment; thus, management focused on symptomatics, followed by isolation with good oral and skin care. In severe cases, available options include antiviral therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin, along with respiratory and blood circulation system support. Research has shown that the inactivated Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) vaccine is the most effective and cost-effective option. However, the evolution of enterovirus epidemiology caused one agent intervention that will be inadequate in the future; thus, developing definitive treatments and effective multivalent vaccines is essential.

Isomorphic (Koebner) and Isotopic (Wolf’s) Phenomenon of Post Herpes Zoster Psoriasis: A Compilation of Case Studies and Narrative Review

2023-09-23T17:21:39+07:00

Koebner phenomenon is defined as the development of psoriatic lesions on previously healthy skin of a psoriasis patient following skin trauma. A related skin reaction, known as Wolf's isotopic response, involves the appearance of a new skin condition in an area of healed dermatosis; in many cases, from herpes zoster. The exact cause of this link is not fully understood, but it may involve neuroimmune system and its neuromediators, particularly substance P. This paper serves as a reminder on the importance of recognizing dermatologic phenomena.

Potential Impact of ChatGPT (Generative Pre-training Transformer)/AI (Artificial Intelligence) Use for Enhancing the Efficiency of Services and Education for Diabetics.

2024-03-02T00:53:18+07:00

ChatGPT (generative pre-training transformer) is an artificial intelligence technology from OpenAI, which functions as a chatbot with human-like conversational capabilities. This emphasizes the potential of ChatGPT in improving health services, such as diabetes mellitus health services. The challenges are factors such as a lack of human resources and low public awareness. ChatGPT integration is proposed to improve the effectiveness of healthcare services, offering diagnostic support, and educational resources for diabetes awareness.