Cermin Dunia Kedokteran

The Relationship Between Self-Reflection Abilities and Stress Levels Among First-Year Students of The Medical Study Program And Professional Medical Education Faculty of Medicine Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia

Faradilla Salsabila — 2024-12-05

Background. Stress is common in daily life, including among medical students. Stress can disrupt their studies and interfere with their individual performance, so it is necessary to manage stress, i.e. through self reflection. Objective: To determine the relationship between self-reflection abilities and stress levels among first-year students of the Medical Study and Medical Profession Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University. Methods: An observational analytical cross-sectional study on 141 students selected with a non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected with MAI questionnaires, MSSQ questionnaires, and acute stressor sheets. Analysis was conducted with the Spearman correlation test. Results: There were 107 respondents (75.9%) who had a good ability to self-reflect, and 73 respondents (52.1%) had a moderate level of stress. Spearman correlation test showed a significance value of 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of -0.282. Conclusion: The ability of self-reflection is negatively correlated with stress levels among first-year of Medical Students and Clinical Clerkships at Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, Indonesia, that the better the ability of self-reflection, the lower the individual’s stress level and vice versa.

Visualization of the Appendix on Abdominal Ultrasound at Kasih Ibu Saba Hospital, Gianyar, Indonesia

Made Alit Darmawan — 2024-12-05

Appendicitis is the frequent cause of right lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound is the first modality for diagnosis, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive rates, and predictive rates were 86%, 94%, 100%, and 92%. This modality has high accuracy and no radiation side effects. However, the sensitivity and specificity of this examination vary due to several factors such as the operator, equipment, or patient condition. This study aims to determine the average distance of appendix from abdominal wall that can be visualized by ultrasound. From 103 patients with right lower abdominal pain, 32.05% appendix can be visualized and 53.12% patients diagnosed with appendicitis. The average distance of appendix from abdominal wall which can be visualized by ultrasound is 22.828 mm.

Management of Intraocular Foreign Bodies

Ferdy Iskandar — 2024-12-05

Intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is an ophthalmologic emergency, demanding immediate diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness and eye loss. These foreign bodies may penetrate via cornea (62%), sclera (25%), or limbus (10%), most IOFB resides in the posterior segment of the eye (58%-88%). Early treatment plays a pivotal role in providing a favorable patient prognosis.

Congenital Marcus Gunn Jaw-winking Syndrome

Elvira — 2024-12-05

Marcus-Gunn Jaw-winking syndrome is a rare congenital or acquired condition. This condition is characterized by upper eye lid elevation while opening or moving the jaw. In addition, it is accompanied by ptosis in the affected eye. Treatment options range from observation to surgery. Observation should be routinely done to evaluate any worsening symptoms. Surgery was performed for ocular misalignment and moderatesevere ptosis affecting visual function.

Severe Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Lepromatous Leprosy Patient

Adelia Wuri Pramudita — 2024-12-05

A case of a 58-year-old woman with lepromatous leprosy and severe ENL reaction is reported. The patient has symptoms of pustules for 1 year and the nodules were getting worse in the last week, accompanied by fever, joint pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination revealed madarosis, infiltrates of both ears, and multiple painful erythematous nodules on the extremities and trunk. Slit skin smear examination showed bacterial index +3 and morphological index of 15%. Histopathological examination revealed neutrophil infiltration and vasculitis in the upper dermis. The patient was diagnosed with lepromatous leprosy and severe ENL reaction. The patient received multidrug therapy and methylprednisolone (62.5 mg/day), which was gradually reduced. The ENL reaction is caused by the deposition of M. leprae antigens and antibodies in small blood vessels, resulting in vasculitis and the release of enzymes that damage tissues. ENL reactions are commonly found in multibacillary MH and occur before, during, and after treatment. This reaction is mediated by cytokines produced by T-helper-2 (Th2). ENL reactions can cause disability.

Young Women Suffering from Type 2 DM with Multicomplications

Lian Adhalia — 2024-12-05

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a progressive chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood sugar due to insulin resistance. Uncontrolled diabetes will cause various acute and chronic complications. The case is a young DM patient with complications of hyperosmolar hyperglycemia status, cerebral ischemia, and pressure ulcers.

Tolvaptan for Euvolemic and Hypervolemic Hyponatremia: A Narrative Review

Terence Judian — 2024-12-05

Hyponatremia is an electrolyte imbalance disorder commonly found in clinical practice. Hyponatremia is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Tolvaptan is an orally administered V2 receptor antagonist drug capable of aquaresis without excreting electrolytes, thus increasing plasma sodium concentration. Results from clinical trials showed tolvaptan to be a relatively safe and effective treatment in euvolemia and hypervolemia hyponatremia.

Understanding Help-Seeking Behavior from Mental Health Literacy and Mental Health Belief Perspectives

Nicholas Hardi — 2024-12-05

Mental disorders were prevalent worldwide, and healthcare utilization was crucial. Initiating and sustaining treatment for individuals with mental disorders was compulsory to achieve recovery, disease burden reduction, and improved quality of life. As an attempt to obtain external assistancen to cope with mental health problems, help-seeking began from the ability to perceive a need for care that raises the seeking help intention. Mental health literacy (MHL) and mental health belief (MHB) influence individuals’ awareness of mental health problems and determine their help-seeking behavior. This review aimed to comprehend help-seeking behavior promotion through MHL, MHB, and interventions known to improve them. Publications within the last 5 years from PubMed and Google Scholar were used as references, including citing the original articles. MHL was influenced by age and gender. Religion, culture, age, and gender have been identified as factors thataffect MHB. Psychoeducation is considered an essential strategy to promote help-seeking behavior, which could be performed individually or in an empowered community. Efforts to understand various populations’ MHB, enhance MHL, and encourage help-seeking behavior should be endorsed. Therefore, early intervention to prevent further mental health burdens could be conducted.

Post-Stroke Cognitive Disorders – A Systematic Review

Tifani Antonia Pradhea — 2024-12-05

Introduction: The increasing number of stroke survivors was accompanied by an increase of cognitive impairment incidence as one of the post-stroke long-term consequences. Post-stroke cognitive impairment needs to be highlighted because of impact on reducing the quality of life, especially in the elderly. Methods: Literature was extensively searched across ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases, using several predetermined keywords. Results and Discussion: Nine articles were analyzed. MMSE and MoCA assessments were used as parameters of post-stroke cognitive impairment. Most patients experience post-stroke cognitive impairment ranging from mild cognitive impairment to vascular dementia or other types of dementia. Risk factors include older age, female, lower and shorter education, location of lesions in the left hemisphere with involvement of certain brain structures, uncontrolled and fluctuating blood pressure, family history of stroke, comorbid diseases, as well as an individualistic social life. Conclusion: Stroke significantly increases the risk of cognitive impairment and
dementia.

Mammography Screening and Breast Cancer Mortality

Catharina Endah Wulandari — 2024-12-05

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Indonesia and one of the biggest contributor to cancer mortality. About 70% breast cancers are detected at an advanced stage which makes the mortality rate even higher. Several measures have been taken to detect breast cancer early, including mammography screening. Mammography is X-ray imaging used to detect abnormalities in breast cancer. The American College of Radiology recommends breast cancer screening for at-risk women starting at age 40. However, whether mammography screening can reduce breast cancer mortality is still debatable.