The Association between Cycling and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review of Current Research

Analysis

Authors

  • Kemal Akbar Suryoadji Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Alifaturrasyid Syafaatullah Ridwan Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Ahmad Fauzi Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
  • Kieran Pasha Ivan Sini Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
  • Akmal Taher Departement of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia , Jakarta Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i5.1241

Keywords:

Cycling, male infertility, sperm concentration

Abstract

Introduction: Cycling is a popular sport and also has various health benefits. However, cycling carries health risks, including fertility problems. This research aims to explore the association between cycling and infertility in men. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to a PROSPERO protocol (ID: CRD42024509255) and PRISMA guidelines using the PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect databases. Keywords “(Bicycle) AND (Infertility)” are used. The risk of bias was assessed based on the Cochrane risk of bias tool for cohort studies. Results: The final two cohort studies were included with a total of 487 cyclists. Regular cycling of more than 1.5 hours/week was associated with 34% (95% CI 4-55%) lower sperm concentration compared to control. Regular cycling of more than 5 hours/week was associated with lower sperm concentration (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.03-3.56) and lower total sperm motility (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.19-3.56) compared to the control group. Conclusion: There is a relationship between cycling and male infertility; a decrease in sperm concentration in men who cycle at least 1.5 hours/week and lower sperm motility in men who cycle for at least 5 hours/week. The direct efect of cycling on the incidence of infertility as a consequence needs to be explored further.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

WHO. Physical activity. World Health Organization: WHO [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Mar 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.

Oja P, Titze S, Bauman A, de Geus B, Krenn P, Reger-Nash B, et al. Health benefts of cycling: A systematic review. Scandinav J Med Sci in Sports 2011;21(4):496–509. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2011.01299.x.

Green S, Sakuls P, Levitt S. Cycling for health: Improving health and mitigating the climate crisis. Can Fam Physician 2021;67(10):739-42. DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6710739.

Commuters using sustainable transportation in census metropolitan areas. Ottawa, ON: Statistics Canada; 2017.

Asplund C, Barkdull T, Weiss BD. Genitourinary problems in bicyclists. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007;6(5):333-9. DOI: 10.1097/01.CSMR.0000306497.53648.d5.

Gebreegziabher Y, Marcos E, McKinon W, Rogers G. Sperm characteristics of endurance trained cyclists. Int J Sports Med. 2004;25(4):247–51. DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819933.

Vrabel M. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Oncol Nurs Forum 2015;42(5):552–4. DOI: 10.1188/15.ONF.552-554.

GA Wells, B Shea, D O’Connell, J Peterson, V Welch, M Losos, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. The Ottawa Hospital [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp.

Review manager (RevMan) [Computer program]. Version 5.4. The Cochrane Collaboration [Internet]. 2020. Available from: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefndmkaj/https://training.cochrane.org/system/fles/uploads/protected_fle/RevMan5.4_user_guide.pdf.

Wise LA, Cramer DW, Hornstein MD, Ashby RK, Missmer SA. Physical activity and semen quality among men attending an infertility clinic. Fertil Steril. 2011;95(3):1025-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.006.

Gaskins AJ, Afeiche MC, Hauser R, Williams PL, Gillman MW, Tanrikut C, et al. Paternal physical and sedentary activities in relation to semen quality and reproductive outcomes among couples from a fertility center. Hum Reprod. 2014;29(11):2575-82. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu212.

Kouvelioti R, Kurgan N, Falk B, Ward WE, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Cytokine and sclerostin response to high-intensity interval running versus cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(12):2458–64. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002076.

Hajizadeh Maleki B, Tartibian B. Long-term low-to-intensive cycling training: Impact on semen parameters and seminal cytokines. Clin J Sport Med. 2015;25(6):535-40. DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000122.

Mínguez-Alarcon L, Gaskins AJ, Chiu YH, Messerlian C, Williams PL, Ford JB, et al. Type of underwear worn and markers of testicular function among men attending a fertility center. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1749–56. DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey259.

Jung A, Strauss P, Lindner HJ, Schuppe HC. Infuence of moderate cycling on scrotal temperature. Int J Androl. 2008;31(4):403–7. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00783.x.

Frauscher F, Klauser A, Stenzl A, Helweg G, Amort B, Zur Nedden D. US fndings in the scrotum of extreme mountain bikers. Radiology. 2001;219(2):427–31. DOI: 10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ma42427.

Downloads

Published

07-05-2025

How to Cite

Suryoadji, K. A., Ridwan, A. S., Fauzi, A., Sini, K. P. I., & Taher, A. (2025). The Association between Cycling and Male Infertility: A Systematic Review of Current Research: Analysis. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(5), 337–340. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i5.1241

Issue

Section

Articles