Suplementasi Vitamin D pada Bayi Prematur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i7.251Keywords:
Defisiensi vitamin D, kolekalsiferol, prematur, suplementasi vitamin DAbstract
Vitamin D merupakan mikronutrien yang berperan dalam sistem imun, penyerapan kalsium, dan pembentukan tulang, sehingga dibutuhkan pada segala usia. Defisiensi vitamin D pada ibu hamil sering terjadi dan berkaitan dengan infeksi neonatus, mortalitas, dan morbiditas pada bayi prematur mengingat janin mendapat vitamin D sepenuhnya dari ibu. Prematuritas, nutrisi buruk, dan kurangnya paparan terhadap sinar matahari dapat meningkatkan risiko defisiensi vitamin D. Kebanyakan pedoman merekomendasikan asupan vitamin D 400 hingga 1.000 IU setiap hari untuk kesehatan tulang pada bayi prematur dengan perhatian khusus pada gangguan hati atau ginjal. Vitamin D dapat diberikan secara tetes, fortifikasi ASI, atau melalui susu formula. Belum ada data perlunya pemeriksaan rutin kadar 25-hidroksivitamin D.
Vitamin D is a micronutrient with a role in the immune system, calcium absorption, and bone formation. Vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy is common and associated with neonatal infection, mortality, and morbidity in premature infants as a fetus gets vitamin D entirely from the mother. Short gestational age, poor nutrition, and lack of exposure to sunlight during hospitalization may contribute to an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. Most guidelines recommend vitamin D 400 to 1.000 IU daily intake for bone health in preterms with special attention in preterms with liver or kidney disorders. Vitamin D may be given via drops, breast milk fortification, or formula milk. There are no data regarding the necessity of routine testing for 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels.
Downloads
References
American Academy of Pediatrics. Calcium and vitamin D requirements of enterally fed preterm infants. Pediatrics 2013;131(5):1676–83.
Agostoni C, Buonocore G, Carnielli V, De Curtis M, Darmaun D, Decsi T, et al. Enteral nutrient supply for preterm infants: Commentary from the European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010;50(1):85–91.
Taylor SN, Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Vitamin D needs of preterm infants. NeoReviews. 2009;10(12):590–9.
Lappe JM. The role of vitamin D in human health a paradigm shift. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2011;16(1):58–72.
Yati NP, Batubara JRL, Suryawan IWB. Panduan praktis klinis vitamin D. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2018.
Eko Sulistijono E, Alasiry E, Irawan G, Utomo MT, Iskandar RATP. Konsensus asuhan nutrisi prematur. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia; 2018.
Larqué E, Morales E, Leis R, Blanco-Carnero JE. Maternal and fetal health implications of vitamin D status during pregnancy. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(3):179–92.
American Academy of Pediatrics. Vitamin D deficiency in children and its management review of current knowledge and recommendations. Pediatrics. 2008;122(2):398–417.
Abrams SA. Vitamin d in preterm and full-term infants. Ann Nutr Metab. 2020;76(2):6–14.
World Health Organization. Guidelines on optimal feeding of low birth weight infants in low and middle income countries. Geneva: WHO; 2011.
Kołodziejczyk A, Borszewska Kornacka MK, Seliga-Siwecka J. Monitored supplementation of vitamin D in preterm infants (MOSVID trial) study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):424.
Kim I, Kim SS, Song JI, Yoon SH, Park GY, Lee YW. Association between vitamin D level at birth and respiratory morbidities in very-low-birth-weight infants. Korean J Pediatr. 2019;62(5):166–72.
Cho SY, Park HK, Lee HJ. Efficacy and safety of early supplementation with 800 IU of vitamin D in very preterm infants followed by underlying levels of vitamin D at birth. Ital J Pediatr. 2017;43(1):45.
Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/elena/titles/guidance_summaries/vitamind_supp_pregnancy/en/
Ilardi L, Proto A, Ceroni F, Morniroli D, Martinelli S, Mosca F, et al. Overview of important micronutrients supplementation in preterm infants after discharge a call for consensus. Life 2021;11(4):331.
Matejek T, Navratilova M, Zaloudkova L, Malakova J, Maly J, Skalova S, et al. Vitamin D status of very low birth weight infants at birth and the effects of generally recommended supplementation on their vitamin D levels at discharge. J Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2020;33(22):3784–90.
Esmeraldo CUP, Martins MEP, Maia ER, Leite JLA, Ramos JLS, Gonçalves Jr J, et al. Vitamin D in term newborns relation with maternal concentrations and birth weight. Ann Nutr Metab. 2019;75(1):39–46.
Bronsky J, Campoy C, Braegger C, Braegger C, Bronsky J, Cai W, et al. ESPGHAN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Clin Nutr. 2018;37(6):2366–78.
Yang Y, Li Z, Yan G, Jie Q, Rui C. Effect of different doses of vitamin D supplementation on preterm infants an updated meta-analysis. J Maternal Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018;31(22):3065–74.
Anderson BA, Thoene M, Wagner J, Lyden E, Jones G, Kaufmann M, et al. Randomized trial of two doses of vitamin D3 in preterm infants less than 32 weeks: Dose impact on achieving desired serum 25(OH)D3 in a NICU population. PLOS One. 2017;12(10):e0185950.
Kumar GT, Sachdev HS, Chellani H, Rehman AM, Singh V, Arora H, et al. Effect of weekly vitamin D supplements on mortality, morbidity, and growth of low birthweight term infants in India up to age 6 months randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;342(1):d2975.
Preterm birth. World Health Organization [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth.
Vieth R. Vitamin d supplementation cholecalciferol, calcifediol, and calcitriol. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020;74(11):1493–7.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
