Hipertrofi Adenoid dan Tonsil sebagai Faktor Risiko Obstructive Sleep Apnea pada Anak di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i10.302Keywords:
Obstructive sleep apnea, hipertrofi adenoid, hipertrofi tonsilAbstract
Pendahuluan: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) adalah bagian dari sleep disorder breathing syndrome. Prevalensi OSA pada anak-anak sekitar 3% dengan frekuensi tertinggi pada usia 3-6 tahun. Penyebab utama OSA pada anak-anak adalah hipertrofi tonsil dan adenoid. Metode: Penelitian deskriptif untuk mengetahui kejadian hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil pada anak dengan OSA di bagian THT-KL di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2017. Hasil: Selama periode tersebut tercatat 9 pasien hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil anak, 4 orang laki-laki dan 5 orang perempuan; terbanyak pada rentang usia 5-10 tahun. Dari 9 subjek, 2 orang dengan hasil PSG normal, 7 orang menderita OSA sedang, 2 orang dengan hasil PSG normal, 7 orang dengan OSA, di mana terbanyak adalah OSA sedang. Ukuran hipertrofi adenoid terbanyak (44,4%), yaitu grade 1, 3, dan 4 dengan OSA, dengan paling banyak OSA sedang, sedangkan ukuran tonsil terbanyak (44,4%) adalah T3-T3 dengan derajat OSA sedang dan berat. Sebanyak 6 orang dengan BMI normal dan menderita OSA sedang, 1 orang dengan obesitas menderita OSA berat. Simpulan: Hipertrofi adenoid dan tonsil tidak berbanding lurus dengan derajat OSA, namun makin meningkatnya BMI dapat meningkatkan derajat OSA.
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is part of the complex respiratory syndrome sleep disorder. The prevalence of OSA in children is around 3% with the highest frequency at 3-6 years old. The main cause of OSA in children are tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy. Method: A descriptive study to assess adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy incidence among children with OSA in the Otorhinolaryngology Department, Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, during 1 January 2015 – 31 December 2017. Results: There were 9 children registered with tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy, 4 males and 5 females, mostly within age range of 5-10 years; 2 with normal PSG results, 7 with OSA, mostly moderate OSA. The size of adenoid hypertrophy were grades 1, 3, and 4 (44.4%) with moderate OSA, while 44.4% tonsil size were T3-T3 with moderate and severe OSA. A total of 6 children with normal BMI and moderate OSA, 1 person with obesity suffered from severe OSA. Conclusion: Adenoid and tonsillar hypertrophy is not directly proportional to the degree of OSA, but increasing BMI can worsen OSA.
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