Tinjauan atas Monkeypox
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i2.519Keywords:
Monkeypox, penyakit menular, wabahAbstract
Infeksi virus monkeypox (virus MPX) atau dikenal sebagai penyakit cacar monyet merupakan infeksi zoonosis endemik. Virus MPX termasuk dalam genus Orthopoxvirus, DNA beruntai ganda yang diidentifikasi pertama kali pada tahun 1970, dan menjadi penyakit endemik di Afrika Tengah dan Barat. Transmisi virus dapat melalui kontak langsung dan tidak langsung. Pada awal tahun 2022, virus MPX telah tersebar keluar dari negara-negara Afrika. Tanda dan gejala menyerupai penyakit smallpox. Belum ada tata laksana khusus untuk infeksi MPX, antivirus dapat bermanfaat bagi pasien dengan gejala klinis berat dan kondisi khusus. Vaksinasi smallpox terbukti memberikan perlindungan sebesar 85%, namun vaksinasi sudah berhenti pada tahun 1980 karena telah tercapai eradikasi. Peran berbagai sektor sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah pergeseran status infeksi MPX dari endemik menjadi epidemik.
Monkeypox virus infection (MPX virus) is a zoonotic and endemic disease. MPX virus which belongs to Orthopoxvirus genus, a double-stranded DNA virus was first identified in 1970, and is endemic in Central and West Africa. The viruses can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact. By the early 2022, the MPX virus had spread beyond African countries. The signs and symptoms are similar to smallpox disease. There is no specific treatment for MPX virus infection. However, antiviral drugs may be beneficial for patients with severe clinical symptoms and specific conditions. Smallpox vaccination is proven to provide 85% protection, but the vaccination has been stopped after smallpox eradication by the year 1980. The role of various sectors is urgently needed to prevent a shift in MPX infection status from endemic to epidemic.
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