Management of Hypoglicemia in Diabetic Patients.

Literature Review

Authors

  • Ricky Pramudya Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
  • Siti Haura Amiralevi Faculty of Medicine, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i1.1254

Keywords:

Diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, insulin

Abstract

Hypoglycemia is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) that may be deleterious. The most frequent cause of hypoglycemia in diabetes patients is inappropriate doses of insulin and/or anti-diabetic drugs. Hypoglycemia occurs more often in type 1 DM patients than in type 2 DM patients. Prompt recognition and treatment is critical because hypoglycemia increased morbidity and mortality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AlTowayan A, Alharbi S, Aldehami M, Albahli R, Alnafessah S, Alharbi AM. Awareness level of hypoglycemia among diabetes mellitus type 2 patients in Al Qassim region. Cureus. 2023;15(2):e35285. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35285.

Nakhleh A, Shehadeh N. Hypoglycemia in diabetes: An update on pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention. World J Diabetes. 2021;12(12):2036–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i12.2036.

Pratiwi C, Mokoagow MI, Made Kshanti IA, Soewondo P. The risk factors of inpatient hypoglycemia: A systematic review. Heliyon. 2020;6(5):e03913. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03913.

Dib SA. Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: A burden to worry about during treatment. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(6):776–9. DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000574.

Demirbilek H, Vuralli D, Haris B, Hussain K. Managing severe hypoglycaemia in patients with diabetes: Current challenges and emerging therapies. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:259–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S313837.

Soelistijo S. Pedoman pengelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes melitus tipe 2 dewasa di Indonesia 2021. Global Initiative for Asthma. 2021; p. 46.

Husain KH, Sarhan SF, AlKhalifa HKAA, Buhasan A, Moin ASM, Butler AE. Dementia in diabetes: The role of hypoglycemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(12):9846. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129846.

The DCCT Research Group. Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial. Am J Med. 1991;90(4):450–9. PMID: 2012085.

Cryer PE. Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and its component syndromes in diabetes. Diabetes. 2005;54(12):3592–601.

Donelly LA, Morris AD, Frier BM, Ellis JD, Donnan PT, Durrant R, et al. Frequency and predictors of hypoglycaemia in Type 1 and insulin-treated Type 2 diabetes: A population-based study. Diabet Med. 2005;22(6):749–55. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01501.x.

Christou MA, Christou PA, Kyriakopoulos C, Christou GA, Tigas S. Effects of hypoglycemia on cardiovascular function in patients with diabetes. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9357. DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119357.

Cryer PE. Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(4):362–72. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1215228.

Bottini P, Boschetti E, Pampanelli S, Ciofetta M, Sindaco P Del, Scionti L, et al. Contribution of autonomic neuropathy to reduced plasma adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia in IDDM: evidence for a nonselective defect. Diabetes. 1997;46(5):814–23.

Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, Reda D, Emanuele N, Reaven PD, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):129–39. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa0808431.

Yale JF, Paty B, Senior PA. Hypoglycemia. Can J Diabetes. 2018;42:S104–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.010.

Bruce D, Davis WA, Casey GP, Clarnette RM, Brown SGA, Jacobs IG, et al. Severe hypoglycaemia and cognitive impairment in older patients with diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Diabetelogia. 2009;52(9):1808–15. DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1437-1.

Jacobson AM, Musen G, Ryan CM, Silvers N, Cleary P, Waberski B, et al. Long-term effect of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(18):1842–52. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa066397.

Zhang Z, Lovato J, Battapady H, Davatzikos C, Gerstein HC, Ismail-Beigi F, et al. Effect of hypoglycemia on brain structure in people with type 2 diabetes: Epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD-MIND MRI trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37(12):3279–85. DOI: 10.2337/dc14-0973.

Brands AMA, Biessels GJ, de Jaan EHF, Kappelle LJ, Kessels RPC. The effects of type 1 diabetes on cognitive performance: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(December 2004):726–35. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.28.3.726

Bonds DE, Miller ME, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, Byington RP, Cutler JA, et al. The association between symptomatic, severe hypoglycaemia and mortality in type 2 diabetes: Retrospective epidemiological analysis of the ACCORD study. Br Med J. 2010;340(7738):137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b4909

Stahn A, Pistrosch F, Ganz X, Teige M, Koehler C, Bornstein S, et al. Relationship between hypoglycemic episodes and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases: Silent hypoglycemias and silent arrhythmias. Diabetes Care 2014;37(2):516–20. DOI: 10.2337/dc13-0600.

Cryer PE, Davis SN, Shamoon H. Hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(6):1902–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.26.6.1902.

Published

13-01-2025

How to Cite

Pramudya, R., & Amiralevi, S. H. (2025). Management of Hypoglicemia in Diabetic Patients. : Literature Review. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i1.1254