The Effect of Smoking on Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) Expression and Its Relationship with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i01.1788Keywords:
Matrix metalloproteinase-9, MMP-9, COPD, cigaretteAbstract
Introduction: Cigarette smoke can induce the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and is associated with COPD. This review aims to assess the impact of cigarette smoke on MMP-9 expression and its association with COPD. Methods: This study is a scoping review using articles analyzing the impact of cigarette smoke on MMP-9 levels in COPD patients from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. A total of 11 articles that met the inclusion criteria were used in this review, of which 6 studies used serum or plasma, 1 study used bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and 4 studies used sputum samples to measure MMP-9 levels. Results: Overall, MMP-9 levels were found to be significantly greater in COPD patients who smoked compared to non-smoking COPD patients and healthy individuals. MMP-9 levels increased with increasing severity of COPD. MMP-9 levels correlated with the smoking index. Conclusion: More cigarette consumption will further increase MMP-9 levels. Smoking increases MMP-9 expression and is associated with COPD.
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