Pencegahan Infeksi Sekunder pada Kasus Patah Tulang Terbuka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i4.364Keywords:
Infeksi, patah tulang terbuka, pencegahanAbstract
Patah tulang terbuka merupakan cedera kompleks berupa kerusakan jaringan lunak disertai kontak antara tulang dan lingkungan luar tubuh. Infeksi sekunder dan osteomielitis merupakan penyulit patah tulang terbuka yang berpotensi meningkatkan angka kesakitan secara signifikan. Upaya pencegahan infeksi pada patah tulang terbuka meliputi pemberian antibiotik profilaksis dan antitetanus, debridemen, irigasi luka, penutupan luka, serta fiksasi. Antibiotik profilaksis harus diberikan dalam 3 jam pertama atau seawal mungkin pasca-trauma. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan risiko infeksi antara tindakan debridemen segera dengan debridemen tertunda. Irigasi luka metode aliran tekanan rendah lebih direkomendasikan. Pilihan metode penutupan luka dan tindakan fiksasi fragmen tulang yang patah berdasarkan hasil evaluasi tulang dan jaringan lunak serta karakteristik pasien.
Open fractures are complex injuries characterized by soft tissue damage associated with exposed bone fragment. Secondary infection
and osteomyelitis are some complications and often associated with significant morbidity. Preventing infection in open fracture includes administration of antibiotic and antitetanus prophylaxis, debridement, wound irrigation, wound closure, and fixation. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be administrated in first 3 hours after injury or as early as possible. No significant difference in infection risk between urgent debridement and delayed debridement. Low pressure method of irrigation is recommended. Decisions on wound closure and bone fragment fixation methods depend on the bones and soft tissue conditions, and characteristic of patient.
Downloads
References
American College of Surgeons. Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) student course manual. 9th ed. USA: ACS Committee on Trauma; 2012. p. 2-20, 208-19
Diwan A, Eberlin KR, Smith RM. The principles and practice of open fracture care. Chinese J Traumatol. 2018;21:187e192
Manson TT, Pensy RA. Evaluation and management of soft-tissue injury and open fractures. In: Ricci WM, Ostrum RF, editors. Orthopaedic knowledge update 5; Trauma. AS: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeon; 2016. p. 161-74
Classen DA. Antibiotic bead pouch dressing. Can J Plast Surg. 1996;4(4):199-202.
Zalavras CG. Prevention of infection in open fractures. Infect Dis Clin N Am 2017;31:339-52
Salter RB. Textbook of disorders and injuries of the musculoskeletal system. 3rd ed. USA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1999. p. 417-95
Buteera AM, Byimana J. Principles of management of open fractures. East and Central African J Surg. 2009;14(2)
Neubauer T, Bayer GS, Wagner M. Open fractures and infection. Acta Chirurg Orthopaed Traumatol Cechosl. 2006;73:301–12
Kindsfater K, Jonassen EA. Osteomyelitis in grade II and III open tibia fractures with late debridement. J Orthop Trauma 1995;9:121–7
Lee J. Efficacy of cultures in the management of open fractures. Clin Orthop. 1997.;339: 71–5
Birt MC, Anderson DW, Toby EB, Wang J. Osteomyelitis: Recent advances in pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies. J Orthopaed. 2017;14:45–52
Fang C, Wong TM, Lau TW, To KKW, Wong SSY, Leung F. Infection after fracture osteosynthesis – Part I: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and classification. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2017;25(1):2309499017692712.
Elniel AR, Giannoudis PV. Open fractures of the lower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes. EFORT Open Rev. 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170072
Leman MM, Tumbelaka AR. Penggunaan anti tetanus serum dan human tetanus immunoglobulin pada tetanus anak; Laporan kasus. Sari Pediatri 2010;12(4):283-8.
Simanjuntak P. Penatalaksanaan tetanus pada pasien anak. Medula Unila.2013;1(4):85-93
Diwan A, Eberlin KR, Smith RM. The principles and practice of open fracture care 2018. Chin J Traumatol. 2018;21(4):187-92.
FLOW Investigators, Bhandari M, Jeray KJ, Petrisor BA, Devereaux PJ, Heels-Ansdell D, et al. A trial of wound irrigation in the initial management of open fracture wounds. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(27):2629–41.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.