Probiotik sebagai Pencegahan Diare terkait Antibiotik pada Anak

Abstract

Hampir setiap antibiotik berpotensi menyebabkan diare, antibiotik spektrum luas yang menargetkan bakteri anaerob memiliki insiden diare terkait antibiotik lebih tinggi. Diare terkait antibiotik muncul ketika antibiotik mengganggu keseimbangan ekologi mikrobiota dalam saluran cerna, dengan mengubah keragaman dan jumlah bakteri di usus. Gambaran klinis diare terkait antibiotik pada anak bervariasi, mulai dari diare ringan encer menyemprot terkadang disertai darah, hingga kolitis hemoragik disertai toksemia. Probiotik telah diusulkan untuk pencegahan diare terkait antibiotik pada anak, di antaranya Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Streptococcus sp., Bifidobacterium sp, dan Bacillus sp.

Every antibiotic has the potential to cause diarrhea, broad-spectrum antibiotics that target anaerobic bacteria have a higher incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Antibiotic- associated diarrhea occurs when antibiotics disrupt the ecology of the intestinal microbiota by altering the diversity and numbers of bacteria in the gut. The clinical features of pediatric antibiotic-associated diarrhea are variable, ranging from mild self-limited diarrhea through explosive watery diarrhea with occasional blood to severe hemorrhagic colitis and toxemia. Probiotics have been proposed for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children, including Lactobacillus sp., Saccharomyces sp., Streptococcus sp., Bifidobacterium sp., and Bacillus sp