Vitamin D dan Kalsium untuk Pencegahan Fraktur pada Usia Lanjut
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i7.258Keywords:
Fraktur, kalsium, usia lanjut, vitamin DAbstract
Latar Belakang: Fraktur pada usia lanjut berhubungan dengan peningkatan angka hospitalisasi, disabilitas, penurunan status fungsional, dan kematian. Oleh karena itu, fraktur pada usia lanjut masih menjadi suatu masalah kesehatan global yang cukup signifikan. Suplementasi vitamin D dan kalsium dapat menurunkan risiko fraktur, walaupun bukti-bukti yang ada masih inkonklusif. Tujuan: Mengumpulkan dan menganalisis studi-studi yang berkaitan dengan kombinasi suplementasi vitamin D dan kalsium serta hubungannya dengan risiko kejadian fraktur pada usia lanjut. Metode: Kami menelusuri database Pubmed, Proquest, EBSCOhost, dan Cochrane untuk mencari dan menganalisis studi terkait dalam bentuk randomized controlled trial (RCT) atau tinjauan sistematis dengan atau tanpa meta-analisis. Hasil: Didapatkan dan dipilih 2 artikel tinjauan sistematis dengan meta-analisis pada akhir pencarian literatur. Kedua studi menunjukkan hasil signifikan pemberian vitamin D dan kalsium dibandingkan plasebo/tanpa intervensi terhadap risiko fraktur secara umum (RR 0,74; 95%KI 0,58-0,94 dan RR 0,94; 95%KI 0,89-0,99) dan risiko fraktur tulang pinggul (RR 0,61; 95%KI 0,4-0,92 dan RR 0,84; 95%KI 0,72-0,97) pada usia lanjut. Simpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D dengan kalsium memiliki potensi menurunkan risiko fraktur pada usia lanjut. Studi dengan skala lebih besar mengenai dosis optimal dan keamanan masih diperlukan untuk mendapatkan bukti yang lebih kuat.
Background: Fractures in older adults are associated with hospitalization, disability, functional decline, and mortality. It becomes an important public health problem. Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation could decrease the risk of fracture, although recent evidence shows conflicting results. Aim: To collect and analyze studies related with combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation and its impact on fracture risk in older adults. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on Pubmed, Proquest, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane based on clinical query. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses were screened and critically appraised. Results: Two meta-analyses were obtained. The two studies showed that vitamin D and calcium supplementation, compared to placebo or no treatment, decreased risk of any fracture (RR 0.74, 95%CI 0.58-0.94 dan RR 0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99) and risk of hip fractures (RR 0.61, 95%CI 0.4-0.92 dan RR 0.84, 95%CI 0.72-0.97) significantly in older adults. Conclusion: Combined vitamin D and calcium supplementation in older adults decreases risk of fractures. Further studies on optimal dose and safety profiles are needed to ensure stronger evidence.
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