Hipokalemia – Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana

Authors

  • Maggie Nathania Dokter umum, alumna Universitas Pelita Harapan, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v46i2.507

Keywords:

Aritmia, hipokalemia, kalium

Abstract

Kalium adalah kation intraseluler paling melimpah dalam tubuh, 98% intraseluler dan hanya 2% ekstraseluler. Tubuh menggunakan kalium untuk berbagai fungsi, termasuk pengaturan aksi potensial listrik membran sel (terutama di jantung), metabolisme sel, dan sintesis glikogen dan protein. Perubahan homeostasis kalium dapat menyebabkan disfungsi jantung berat sehingga memerlukan pemantauan intensif. Tinjauan ini menyajikan informasi mengenai: (1) definisi hipokalemia, (2) homeostasis kalium, (3) berbagai penyebab hipokalemia, (4) langkah diagnostik hipokalemia, dan (5) tatalaksana hipokalemia.

Potassium is the most abundant intracellular cation in the body, 98% found in intracellular fluid and only 2% in extracellular space. The body uses potassium for various functions, including the regulation of cell membrane action potentials (especially in the heart), cell metabolism, and glycogen synthesis and protein. Changes in potassium homeostasis can cause severe cardiac dysfunction requiring intensive monitoring. This review provides information on: (1) definition of hypokalemia, (2) potassium homeostasis, (3) causes, (4) diagnostic steps, and (5) management of hypokalemia.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bartel B, Gau E. Fluid and Electrolyte Management. In: Johnson TJ. Critical Care Pharmacotherapeutics. 1st ed. Burlington (MA): Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC; 2015. p: 11 – 13.

McDonough AA, Youn JH.Potassium Homeostasis: The Knowns, the Unknowns, and the Health Benefits. Physiology (Bethesda). 2017 Mar; 32(2):100-111.

Kardalas E, Paschou SA, Anagnostis P, Muscogiuri G, Siasos G, Vryonidou A. Hypokalemia: a clinical update. Endocr Connect. 2018 Apr; 7(4): R135–R146.

Palmer BF. Regulation of Potassium Homeostasis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2015;10(6):1050-60.

Mount DB. Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances. In: Kasper D, Fauci A, Hauser S, Longo D, Jameson J, Loscalzo J. eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 19th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2014.

Sahan M, Yılmaz M, Gokel Y, Erden ES, Karakus A. Nebulized salbutamol for asthma: Effects on serum potassium and phosphate levels at the 60 min. Revista Portuguesa de Pneumologia. 2013;19(5):200-203.

George RD, Andall AM, Robert WR, Stephen S, Dennis C. Effect of Nebulized Albuterol on Serum Potassium and Cardiac Rhythm in Patients With Asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am College Clin Phar. 1994;14(6):729-33.

Braden GL1, von Oeyen PT, Germain MJ, Watson DJ, Haag BL. Ritodrine and terbutaline-induced hypokalemia in preterm labor: mechanisms and consequences. Kidney Int. 1997 Jun;51(6):1867-75.

Chatterjee R, Yeh H, Edelman D, Brancati F. Potassium and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab. 2011;6(5):665-672.

Persons PE, Wiener-Kronish JP. Critical Care Secrets‬. s. 5th ed. Cambridge, MA: Elsevier Health Science; 2012. p 316-324.‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬

Tran TTT, Pease A, Wood AJ, Zajac JD, Mårtensson J, Bellomo R, Ekinci EII. Review of evidence for adult diabetic ketoacidosis management protocols. Front Endocrinol. 2017 Jun;13(8):106.

Zacchia M, Abategiovanni ML, Stratigis S, Capasso G. Potassium: from physiology to clinical implications. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2016 Jun;2(2):72-9.

Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, eds. Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2017.

Halperin ML, Goldstein MB. Fluid Electrolyte and Acid-Base Physiology: A problem-based approach. 2nd ed. WB Saunders Co., p 358

Hypokalemia. In: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, eds. Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2017.

Downloads

Published

01-02-2019

How to Cite

Nathania, M. (2019). Hipokalemia – Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 46(2), 103–108. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v46i2.507

Issue

Section

Articles