Acute Kidney Injury and Bloody Diarrhea in Falciparum Malaria

Authors

  • Widdy Winarta Dian Harapan General Hospital, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v45i12.686

Keywords:

Acute kidney injury, bloody diarrhea, falciparum malaria

Abstract

Malaria remains one of the deadliest infectious disease in worldwide. In adults, one of the commonest complication of falciparum malaria is acute kidney injury. Bloody diarrhea is rarely documented. This is a case report of a 24 year-old male with falciparum malaria presenting to the emergency department with fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and decreased urine output. The patient was given rehydration therapy and antiemetics before administration of artesunate and primaquine. After three days, the patient had recovered. Acute kidney injury was primarily caused by dehydration, which explained the rapid recovery of the serum marker after proper fluid resuscitation. Exclusion of other potential pathogens must be done in a case of falciparum malaria with bloody diarrhea.

Malaria masih merupakan salah satu penyakit infeksius paling mematikan di dunia. Pada dewasa, komplikasi paling sering malaria falsiparum adalah gagal ginjal akut. Diare berdarah jarang dilaporkan. Laporan ini membahas kasus pasien laki-laki usia 24 tahun dengan malaria falsiparum dengan keluhan demam, muntah, diare berdarah, dan penurunan jumlah urin. Pada pasien dilakukan rehidrasi dan pemberian antiemetik sebelum diberi artesunat dan primakuin. Setelah tiga hari pengobatan, pasien kembali normal. Gagal ginjal akut disebabkan terutama oleh dehidrasi, yang menjelaskan cepatnya pemulihan kadar ureum dan kreatinin setelah resusitasi cairan yang tepat. Eksklusi penyebab kuman patogen potensial harus dilakukan pada kasus diare berdarah pada malaria falsiparumt

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

InfoDATIN malaria. PUSDATIN Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2016.

Hanandita W, Tampubolon G. Geography and social distribution of malaria in Indonesian Papua: a cross-sectional study. Int J Health Geogr. 2016:15;13. Doi: 10.1186/s12942-016-0043-y

Bukusakupenatalaksanaankasus malaria. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2012.

Reisinger EC, Fritzsche C, Krause R, et al. Diarrhea caused by primarily non gastrointestinal infections. Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology &Hepatology. 2005;2:216–22. Doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0167

Prasad NR, Virk KJ. Malaria as a cause of diarrhoea - a review. PNG Med J. 1993;36:337–41.

Ibadin OM, Airauhi L, Omoigberale AI, et al. Association of malarial parasitaemia with dehydrating diarrhea in Nigerian children. J Health PopulNutr. 2000;18(2):115–8.

Zwang J, Ashley EA, Karema C, et al. Safety and efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in falciparum malaria: a prospective multi-centre individual patient data analysis. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(7):e6358. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006358

Smithuis F, Kyaw MK, Phe O, et al. Effectiveness of five artemisinin combination regimens with or without primaquine in uncomplicated falciparum malaria: an open-label randomised trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(10):673–81. Doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70187-0

Harty J. Prevention and management of acute kidney injury. Ulster Med J. 2014;83(3):149–57.

Roncal-Jimenez C, Lanaspa MA, Jensen T, et al. Mechanisms by which dehydration may lead to chronic kidney disease. Ann NutrMetab. 2015;66(suppl 3):10–13. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000381239

Acute kidney injury. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2014.

Meremo AJ, Kilonzo SB, Munisi D, et al. Acute Renal Failure in a Caucasian traveler with severe malaria: a case report.Clin Case Rep. 2014;2(3):82–5. Doi: 10.1002/ccr3.65

Nguansangiam S, Day NP, Hien TT, et al. A quantitative ultrastructural study of renal pathology in fatal Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:1037–50. Doi:10.1111/j.1365-3156.2007.01881.x

Boushab BM, Fall-Malick FZ, Savadogo M, et al. Acute kidney injury in a shepherd with severe malaria: a case report. Int J NephrolRenovasc Dis. 2016:9 249–51. Doi: 10.2147/IJNRD.S116377

Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus MJ, Muth S, et al. A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(Suppl 6):119–27.

Koopmans LC, van Wolfswinkel ME, Hesselink DA, et al. Acute kidney injury in imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Malar J. 2015:14;523. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015-1057-9

Trang TT, Phu NH, Vinh H, Hien TT, Cuong BM, Chau TT, et al. Acute renal failure in patients with severe falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:874–80. doi: 10.1093/clind/15.5.874

Downloads

Published

03-12-2018

How to Cite

Winarta, W. (2018). Acute Kidney Injury and Bloody Diarrhea in Falciparum Malaria. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 45(12), 927–929. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v45i12.686

Issue

Section

Articles