D-dimer sebagai Biomarker Diagnostik Tuberkulosis Paru pada Efusi Pleura
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i2.1242Kata Kunci:
Biomarker, D-dimer, efusi pleura, tuberkulosisAbstrak
Latar belakang: Tuberkulosis (TB) masih menjadi ancaman utama bagi kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara-negara berkembang. Meskipun paru merupakan organ yang paling terpengaruh, namun manifestasi sistemik cukup signifikan. D-dimer, sebagai salah satu produk degradasi fibrin yang juga merupakan indikator aktivitas koagulasi, telah banyak diteliti untuk nilai prediktif dan diagnostik berbagai penyakit. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menilai efektivitas D-dimer sebagai biomarker diagnostik untuk TB paru pada pasien dengan efusi pleura. Metode: Studi dilakukan secara observasional kasus-kontrol pada 64 pasien TB paru disertai efusi pleura dibandingkan dengan 64 subjek efusi pleura non-TB. Hasil: Di kelompok pasien TB, 62,5% pasien perokok, 46,9% pasien telah terpapar TB. Pasien dinilai berdasarkan skala gejala TB dan dengan radiologi paru, baik sinar-x maupun CT scan. Selanjutnya tingkat D-dimer dikorelasikan dengan keparahan TB. Tingkat D-dimer di atas nilai ambang batas secara signifikan lebih tinggi pada pasien TB parah. Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi langsung antara ukuran lesi paru radiologis dan tingkat D-dimer. Rata-rata tingkat D-dimer kelompok kontrol adalah 220 ± 60 ng/mL; meningkat menjadi 450 ± 90 ng/mL pada pasien TB dengan lesi parah.
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