LGR-5 sebagai Biomarker pada Kanker Kolorektal: Tinjauan Sistematis Fitur Klinikopatologis dan Nilai Prognostik
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i3.1282Kata Kunci:
Kanker Kolorektal, LGR5, Penanda, PrognosisAbstrak
Kanker kolorektal (Colorectal cancer, CRC) merupakan kanker dengan angka kejadian tertinggi ketiga di seluruh dunia. Penelitian terbaru menargetkan ekspresi gen spesifik sebagai penanda CRC. Leucine rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) adalah salah satu gen yang mengatur metastasis dan pertumbuhan tumor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan korelasi antara LGR5, patologi klinis, dan prognosis CRC. Tinjauan sistematis ini disusun menggunakan PRISMA untuk studi kohort yang memenuhi syarat dan dievaluasi menggunakan skala Newcastle-Ottawa. Dari 63 artikel, 6 artikel dipilih sebagai artikel yang memenuhi syarat untuk diekstraksi dan dievaluasi. Berdasarkan penelitian, kepositifan LGR5 secara positif terkait dengan karakteristik histopatologis, stadium TNM, dan invasi vaskular. Selain itu, ekspresi LGR5 dalam studi tersebut tinggi dan dapat dideteksi secara positif oleh penanda ini. LGR5 mengatur promosi jalur pensinyalan Wnt / β-catenin dalam sel punca usus besar normal. Metilasi promotor gen target Wnt merupakan prediktor kuat untuk kekambuhan CRC sehingga ekspresi LGR5 dapat digunakan sebagai penanda CRC. LGR5 berperan sebagai faktor pro-onkogenik pada karsinogenesis kolorektal melalui sinyal prostaglandin E2 dan Epidermal Growth Factor. Induksi LGR5 juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kemoresisten sel kanker. Dengan demikian, LGR5 dapat menentukan prognosis pasien CRC dan berhubungan dengan gambaran klinikopatologi tertentu dan perkembangan tumor.
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Referensi
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Aiman Hilmi Asaduddin, Roisya Nur Farhania, Namira Putri Imani, Cindy Ayudia Pramaesti, Andayani Yuwana Sari
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