Karsinoma Nasofaring: Faktor Risiko, Deteksi Dini, Diagnosis, dan Tata Laksana
Hasil Penelitian
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i7.1334Kata Kunci:
Infeksi virus Epstein-Barr, karsinoma nasofaring, tumor ganasAbstrak
Karsinoma nasofaring merupakan tumor ganas yang berasal dari lapisan epitel nasofaring; bersifat endemik di beberapa wilayah termasuk Indonesia. Keganasan ini menempati posisi ke-4 dalam jumlah kasus kanker terbanyak di Indonesia. Etiologinya belum diketahui sepenuhnya. Faktor risiko karsinoma melibatkan interaksi antara faktor genetik dan lingkungan, yang banyak diteliti antara lain usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat keluarga dengan karsinoma nasofaring, konsumsi makanan yang difermentasi, dan infeksi virus Epstein-Barr (EBV). Deteksi dini menggunakan serologi EBV, DNA EBV plasma, dan endoskopi. Di Indonesia, alat detektor yang umum digunakan ialah IgG NPC strip. Standar emas diagnosis adalah biopsi dan pemeriksaan histopatologi. Terapi karsinoma nasofaring sesuai stadium penyakit. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) mempunyai beberapa keuntungan dibandingkan radioterapi konvensional. Follow-up untuk mengevaluasi hasil dan remisi.
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