Effectiveness of Citicoline in Improving Cognitive Function

Analysis

Authors

  • Bagus Dermawan Neurology Specialist Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Rahmi Ardhini Neurology Specialist Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
  • Arinta Puspita Wati Neurology Specialist Education Program, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i4.1458

Keywords:

Citicoline, cognitive function, ischaemic stroke

Abstract

Background: The incidence of cognitive impairment increased with age and with the presence of brain organic disorders. Citicoline allegedly improved cognitive function. This article to review the effectiveness of citicoline in improving cognitive function. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on 3 study databases: PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO, to select studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Selected articles were then critically reviewed and further analyzed. Results: In the final analysis, 2 articles were to be reviewed. In 1 study in a healthy population, citicoline 500 mg/day for 3 months showed improvement in cognitive function, especially in memory domain, in 1 other study on post-ischemic stroke population, citicoline 1,000 mg/day for 12 months showed improvement in cognitive function especially in the attention, executive, and temporal orientation domains. Conclusion: Citicoline can improve cognitive function in both healthy population and post-ischemic stroke population.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

WHO. Global Health Estimates: Life expectancy and leading causes of death and disability [Internet]. Vol. 109, Nature. 2019. p. 691. Available from: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-life-expectancy-and-healthy-life-expectancy.

United Nations. World population prospects 2019 Futuribles 1990 Mar:(141):49-78. PMID: 12283219.

Mooldijk SS, Yaqub A, Wolters FJ, Licher S, Koudstaal PJ, Ikram MK, et al. Life expectancy with and without dementia in persons with mild cognitive impairment in the community. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2022;70(2):481–9. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17520.

Patel MD, Coshall C, Rudd AG, Wolfe CDA. Cognitive impairment after stroke: Clinical determinants and its associations with long-term stroke outcomes. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(4):700–6. DOI: 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50165.x.

Barnes LL, Dhana K, Liu X, Carey VJ, Ventrelle J, Johnson K, et al. Trial of the MIND diet for prevention of cognitive decline in older persons. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(7):602–11. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2302368.

Fioravanti M, Buckley AE. Citicoline (cognizin) in the treatment of cognitive impairment. Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(3):247–51. DOI: 10.2147/ciia.2006.1.3.247.

Gareri P, Castagna A, Cotroneo AM, Putignano S, De Sarro G, Bruni AC. The role of citicoline in cognitive impairment: Pharmacological characteristics, possible advantages, and doubts for an old drug with new perspectives. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:1421–9. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S87886.

Zeisel SH. Choline: Critical role during fetal development and dietary requirements in adults. 2006;(26):229–50. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156.

Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, Cockroft KM, Gutierrez J, Lombardi-Hill D, et al. 2021 Guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack; A guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021:364–467. DOI: 10.1161/STR.0000000000000375.

Cohen BM. Decreased brain choline uptake in older adults. JAMA 1995;274(11):902. PMID: 7674505.

Prince M, Albanese E, Guerchet M, Prina M. World alzheimer report 2014 dementia and risk reduction an analysis of protective and modifiable factors executive summary dr Maelenn Guerchet dr Matthew prina [Internet]. 2014. Available from: https://www.alzint.org/u/WorldAlzheimerReport2014.pdf.

Nurk E, Refsum H, Bjelland I, Drevon CA, Tell GS, Ueland PM, et al. Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: The Hordaland Health Study. Br J Nutr. 2013;109(3):511–9. DOI: 10.1017/S0007114512001249.

Howick J, Chalmers I, Lind J. OCEBM levels of evidence — centre for evidence-based medicine (CEBM), University of Oxford [Internet]. 2011. Available from: https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/resources/levels-of-evidence/ocebm-levels-of-evidence.

Nakazaki E, Mah E, Sanoshy K, Citrolo D, Watanabe F. Citicoline and memory function in healthy older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled clinical trial. J Nutr. 2021;151(8):2153–60. DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab119.

Alvarez-Sabin J, Ortega G, Jacas C, Santamarina E, Maisterra O, Ribo M, et al. Long-term treatment with citicoline may improve poststroke vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2013;35(2):146–54. DOI: 10.1159/000346602.

Carlier PG, Bertoldi D, Baligand C, Wary C, Fromes Y. Citicoline enhances frontal lobe bioenergetics as measured by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR Biomed. 2006;(September):954–67. DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1281.

Grieve SM, Williams LM, Paul RH, Clark CR, Gordon E. Cognitive aging, executive function, and fractional anisotropy: A diffusion tensor MR imaging study. Imaging 2007;28(2):226–35. PMID: 17296985.

Agut J, G-Coviella IL, Ortiz JA, Wurtman RJ. Oral cytidine 5'-diphosphate choline administration to rats increases brain phospholipid levels. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1993;695(1):318–20. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23075.x.

Lopez-Coviella I, Agut J, Savci V, Ortiz JA, Wurtman RJ. Evidence that 5'-cytidinediphosphocholine can affect brain phospholipid composition by increasing choline and cytidine plasma levels. J Neurochem. 1995;65(2):889–94. DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.65020889.x.

Jasielski P, Piędel F, Piwek M, Rocka A, Petit V, Rejdak K. Application of citicoline in neurological disorders: A systematic review. Nutrients 2020;12(10):1–20. DOI: 10.3390/nu12103113.

Hurtado O, Lizasoain I, Moro MA. Neuroprotection and recovery: Recent data at the bench on citicoline. Stroke 2011;42(Suppl. 1). DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.597435.

Mallah K, Couch C, Borucki DM, Toutonji A, Alshareef M, Tomlinson S. Anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective agents in clinical trials for CNS disease and injury: Where do we go from here? Front Immunol. 2020;11:1–26. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02021.

Published

07-04-2025

How to Cite

Dermawan, B., Ardhini, R., & Puspita Wati, A. (2025). Effectiveness of Citicoline in Improving Cognitive Function: Analysis. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(4), 267–271. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i4.1458