Tata Laksana Neurogenic Bladder akibat Cedera Saraf Spinal
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i12.1543Kata Kunci:
Cedera saraf spinal, neurogenic bladder, tata laksanaAbstrak
Gangguan kandung kemih neurogenik (neurogenic bladder) merupakan salah satu komplikasi tersering dari cedera saraf spinal (spinal cord injury/SCI) yang menyebabkan gangguan fungsi berkemih, infeksi saluran kemih berulang, dan penurunan kualitas hidup pasien. Penentuan lokasi, luas, serta tingkat lesi sangat penting untuk menyesuaikan strategi tata laksana dengan kondisi neurologis dan status fungsional pasien. Pendekatan terapi meliputi tata laksana nonbedah seperti kateterisasi intermiten, neuromodulasi, serta terapi farmakologis menggunakan obat antikolinergik atau agonis adrenergik 3 yang terbukti menurunkan tekanan detrusor. Pada kasus yang tidak responsif terhadap terapi konservatif, intervensi bedah seperti augmentasi kandung kemih atau stimulasi
saraf sakral dapat dilakukan untuk mempertahankan fungsi ginjal, mencegah refluks vesikoureteral, dan mencapai kontinensia urine. Prognosis umumnya baik apabila pasien menjalani rehabilitasi jangka panjang disertai edukasi komprehensif dan pemantauan fungsi ginjal secara berkala. Kolaborasi multidisiplin antara dokter urologi, rehabilitasi medik, dan perawat berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien, menurunkan angka komplikasi, serta memastikan keberlanjutan tata laksana yang efektif.
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