Resistensi Antibiotik pada Infeksi Saluran Kemih Anak
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i9.1608Kata Kunci:
Anak, antibiotik, infeksi saluran kemih, resistensiAbstrak
Salah satu infeksi yang paling sering menyerang anak adalah infeksi saluran kemih (ISK). Infeksi terjadi ketika bakteri dari uretra naik ke saluran kemih dan terjadi infeksi mulai dari uretra sampai parenkim ginjal. Etiologi infeksi saluran kemih dapat berupa bakteri, virus, dan jamur; paling sering disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli (E. coli). Pemeriksaan kultur urin merupakan baku emas diagnosis ISK agar dapat menentukan terapi yang sesuai terutama antibiotik. Masalah resistensi antibiotik menjadi salah satu masalah global, karena sebanyak 80% fasilitas kesehatan memberikan antibiotik dalam tata laksana. Angka kejadian resistensi lebih tinggi di negara berkembang dibandingkan negara maju, dengan terbanyak terjadi pada usia 0-5 tahun. Resistensi antibiotik menyebabkan angka mortalitas dan morbiditas meningkat, kemudian berhubungan juga dengan semakin banyak biaya yang akan dikeluarkan. Pada kasus ISK, bakteri E. coli merupakan patogen dengan insiden resistensi antibiotik terbanyak, salah satunya disebabkan karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat. Mudahnya memperoleh obat antibiotik tanpa resep dokter, riwayat penggunaan antibiotik sebelumnya, menjadi alasan penyebab resistensi antibiotik.
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Referensi
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