Pengaruh Vitamin D terhadap Sistem Imun Pasien Kusta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i10.1673Kata Kunci:
Imun, kusta, vitamin DAbstrak
Penyakit kusta merupakan penyakit menular kronis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium leprae. Vitamin D merupakan vitamin larut dalam lemak yang mempunyai peran penting pada metabolisme tulang, sebagai anti-inflamasi dan berperan memodulasi respons imun. Studi terbaru menunjukkan peran vitamin D terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh pasien lepra. Vitamin D dalam bentuk aktif (1,25 (OH)2D) mengikat reseptor vitamin D di makrofag. Vitamin D merangsang produksi cathelicidin dan defensin, yaitu peptida antimikroba yang dapat membunuh Mycobacterium leprae. Vitamin D meningkatkan respons imun Th1 dengan memproduksi IL2 yang penting melawan bakteri intraseluler. Vitamin D menekan respons imun Th2 yang berlebihan untuk mencegah perburukan penyakit. Defisiensi vitamin D memiliki korelasi negatif yang kuat dengan peningkatan sitokin pro-inflamasi seperti TNF-α. TNF-α sebagai modulator inflamasi ditemukan meningkat signifikan pada lesi kulit pasien kusta yang mengalami reaksi kusta tipe 2. Tingginya kadar TNF-α berperan langsung dalam kerusakan selubung mielin, stimulasi reabsorpsi tulang, dan penghambatan sintesis kolagen tulang. Hal-hal ini kemungkinan besar menjelaskan gejala klinis seperti gangguan saraf dan kecacatan pada pasien kusta. Berdasarkan temuan di atas, vitamin D memiliki pengaruh terhadap sistem imun pasien kusta.
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