Diagnosis dan Farmakoterapi Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i10.1682Kata Kunci:
Bronkodilator, diagnosis, farmakoterapi, penyakit paru obstruktif kronis, PPOKAbstrak
Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK) adalah penyakit paru dengan gejala pernapasan kronis dan eksaserbasi yang dapat dicegah dan diobati. PPOK ditandai dengan obstruksi aliran udara yang tidak sepenuhnya reversibel, umumnya akibat paparan jangka panjang terhadap asap rokok, polusi, ataupun faktor risiko lingkungan lainnya. Penilaian PPOK berbasis multiaspek setelah konfrmasi diagnosis perlu untuk memandu pengobatan. Diagnosis ditegakkan dengan spirometri serta evaluasi klinis, termasuk penilaian gejala, riwayat eksaserbasi, kadar eosinofl darah, dan adanya penyakit penyerta. Farmakoterapi PPOK ditujukan untuk mengurangi gejala, menurunkan risiko eksaserbasi, serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien. Farmakoterapi diberikan saat stabil ataupun saat eksaserbasi dengan menggunakan bronkodilator tunggal ataupun kombinasi, corticosteroid, serta obat penunjang lain sesuai kebutuhan, kemampuan, dan kondisi pasien. Terapi dipersonalisasi berdasarkan derajat gejala, riwayat eksaserbasi, dan respons pasien. Pemantauan berkala, teknik penggunaan inhaler yang tepat, dan kepatuhan pengobatan berperan penting untuk mencapai hasil klinis optimal.
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