Perbaikan Status Zat Besi oleh Suplementasi Teh Hijau pada Talasemia Tergantung-Transfusi: Tinjauan Sistematik dan Meta-Analisis
Tinjauan Sistematik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i03.1822Kata Kunci:
Teh hijau, kelebihan zat besi, feritin serum, besi serum, talasemiaAbstrak
Pendahuluan: Penumpukan zat besi berlebih secara signifikan berkontribusi pada disfungsi organ pasien talasemia tergantung transfusi (transfusion-dependent thalassemia/TDT). Ekstrak teh hijau (green tea extract/GTE) kaya akan polifenol dengan sifat mengikat besi, berpotensi
mengurangi kadar besi pasien-pasien ini, meskipun efektivitasnya masih belum jelas. Studi ini mengevaluasi dampak GTE terhadap status besi pasien TDT. Metode: Pencarian sistematis pada basis data PubMed, Embase, dan Cochrane Library dilakukan hingga Juli 2024, untuk
mengidentifikasi uji klinis acak (randomized clinical trial/RCT) berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Status besi dinilai melalui feritin serum, kapasitas pengikatan besi total (total iron binding capacity/TIBC), besi serum, dan saturasi transferrin. Lima RCT yang melibatkan 217 peserta dimasukkan dalam studi ini. Hasil: Terdapat penurunan signifikan feritin serum pada kelompok GTE dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (perbedaan rata-rata MD -0.55, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.29) dan penurunan serupa besi serum (MD -63,73, 95% CI: -106,46, -21,00). TIBC lebih tinggi dan saturasi transferrin lebih rendah tidak signifikan juga diamati pada kelompok GTE. Simpulan: Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi GTE menurunkan kadar feritin serum dan besi serum pada pasien TDT. Penelitian lebih lanjut dengan kohort yang lebih besar diperlukan untuk lebih memahami efeknya pada populasi yang beragam.
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Referensi
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