Hubungan antara Obesitas, Pola Makan, dan Nyeri Saat Buang Air Besar pada Anak dengan Konstipasi Fungsional: Tinjauan Literatur
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i05.1949Kata Kunci:
Anak, konstipasi, nyeri defekasi, obesitas, pola makanAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Konstipasi fungsional didefinisikan sebagai keterlambatan atau kesulitan buang air besar yang berlangsung selama ≥2 minggu dan menimbulkan distres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara obesitas, pola makan, dan nyeri defekasi terhadap kejadian konstipasi fungsional pada anak. Metode: Tinjauan literatur dari sumber data Google Scholar, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci yang sudah ditentukan. Kriteria inklusi mencakup artikel akses terbuka yang terbit pada tahun 2014–2024. Sebanyak 9 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil: Konstipasi fungsional berhubungan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, termasuk obesitas, pola makan yang tidak sehat, dan nyeri defekasi. Beberapa studi menunjukkan korelasi positif antara obesitas dan konstipasi fungsional, meskipun masih bervariasi dan tidak selalu signifikan. Konsumsi makanan rendah serat dan tinggi lemak dilaporkan berkontribusi terhadap gangguan motilitas usus. Nyeri saat defekasi dapat memperkuat perilaku menahan feses, yang pada akhirnya memperburuk gejala konstipasi. Simpulan: Tinjauan ini menegaskan pentingnya mempertimbangkan faktor obesitas, pola makan, dan nyeri defekasi untuk pencegahan dan tatalaksana konstipasi fungsional pada anak.
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