Indikasi CT Scan pada Tata Laksana Trauma Kepala pada Anak
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i06.1951Kata Kunci:
Anak, CATCH, CHALICE, CT scan, PECARN, trauma kepalaAbstrak
Trauma kepala adalah kasus darurat, termasuk pada anak. Trauma kepala pada anak merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada populasi pediatrik. Computed tomography (CT) kepala digunakan sebagai standar emas diagnosis cedera otak traumatik, yang memungkinkan penegakan diagnosis secara cepat dan akurat. Namun, terdapat beberapa kendala seperti keterbatasan sarana, anak yang tidak kooperatif, serta risiko keganasan akibat paparan radiasi. Terlebih, mayoritas kasus trauma kepala anak ringan, hanya < 10% yang butuh intervensi bedah saraf. Beberapa algoritma dan aturan prediktif dirancang untuk membantu menentukan indikasi CT terutama pada anak dengan cedera kepala ringan. Tiga aturan prediktif yang sering digunakan, yaitu PECARN (Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network), CATCH (Canadian Assessment of Tomography for Childhood Head Injury), dan CHALICE (Children's Head Injury Algorithm for The Prediction of Important Clinical Events). Penggunaan algoritma prediktif tersebut membantu mengurangi pemeriksaan CT scan yang tidak diperlukan, sehingga dapat meminimalkan paparan radiasi pada anak. Selain itu, penerapan clinical decision rules juga mendukung pengambilan keputusan klinis yang lebih cepat, efektif, dan aman dalam tata laksana trauma kepala anak di instalasi gawat darurat.
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