Indeks Massa Tubuh yang Lebih Tinggi Berkaitan dengan Peningkatan Kelangsungan Hidup Secara Keseluruhan pada Pasien Kanker Ginjal: Tinjauan Sistematis dan Meta-analisis
Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i08.2081Kata Kunci:
Indeks massa tubuh, obesitas, kelangsungan hidup keseluruhan, karsinoma sel ginjalAbstrak
Pendahuluan: Obesitas dikaitkan dengan hasil onkologis yang lebih baik pada karsinoma sel ginjal (renal cell carcinoma/RCC), meskipun obesitas merupakan faktor risiko berbagai penyakit. Artikel ini menilai hubungan antara luaran kanker ginjal (kelangsungan hidup keseluruhan/OS) dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Metode: PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, dan Central digunakan untuk memilah studi. Penelitian yang diterbitkan hingga Desember 2024 dimasukkan dalam tinjauan ini. Tinjauan menggunakan Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Kualitas penelitian dinilai dengan Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RevMan versi 5.4.1 digunakan untuk analisis dan evaluasi data. Hasil: Tujuh studi retrospektif (HR 0,80, 95% CI 0,70–0,93, p = 0,03) menunjukkan bahwa kelompok IMT normal memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup keseluruhan yang secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok IMT obesitas atau kelebihan berat badan. Obesitas mungkin dapat meningkatkan hasil pengobatan kanker ginjal, tetapi patofisiologinya belum jelas. Beberapa studi menjelaskan bahwa individu dengan kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas sering memiliki biologi kanker yang lebih tinggi, karena memiliki tingkat gen metabolik dan asam lemak yang lebih rendah, yang merupakan faktor penting dalam perkembangan tumor. Nutrisi yang sehat juga dapat melindungi dari stres terkait pengobatan atau membuat pengobatan bekerja lebih baik. Simpulan: Individu dengan IMT di atas normal memiliki hasil pengobatan yang lebih baik untuk kanker ginjal. Sebaliknya, kelompok yang memiliki berat badan kurang memiliki konsekuensi yang lebih negatif.
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