Kaitan COVID-19 dengan Risiko Bangkitan Epileptik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i5.228Kata Kunci:
Bangkitan epileptik, COVID-19Abstrak
COVID-19 dapat menyebabkan kegagalan organ tubuh seperti sistem pernapasan, ginjal, hati, dan jantung. Pada beberapa orang juga ditemukan gejala sistem saraf, seperti delirium, confusion, nyeri kepala, vertigo, hemorrhagic stroke dan iskemik, hilangnya sensasi penciuman dan perasa, kejang atau bangkitan epileptik. Bangkitan epileptik pada kasus COVID-19 dapat dikaitkan dengan aktivasi sel glia, kerusakan sawar darah-otak, keadaan hipertermia atau gangguan elektrolit dan gangguan neurotransmiter. Di lain pihak, pengaruh infeksi COVID-19 pada pasien epilepsi masih belum diketahui pasti.
COVID-19 can cause organ failure such as the respiratory system, kidneys, liver, and heart. Risks of neurological complications are delirium, stroke, loss of smell dan taste, and convulsion/epileptic seizure. Seizures in COVID-19 may be associated with glial activation, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hyperthermia and/ or neurotransmitter dysregulation. On the other hand, the impact of COVID-19 on epileptic patients is yet to be identified
Unduhan
Referensi
World Health Organization. Coronavirus [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/coronavirus
World Health Organization. Coronavirus (COVID-19) events as they happen [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen
World Health Organization. Novel coronavirus [Internet]. [cited 2021 Oct 9]. Available from: https://www.who.int/indonesia/news/novel-coronavirus
Nikbakht F, Mohammadkhanizadeh A, Mohammadi E. How does the COVID-19 cause seizure and epilepsy in patients? The potential mechanisms. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;46:102535.
Gu J, Han B, Wang J. COVID-19: Gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal–oral transmission. Gastroenterology 2020;158(6):1518–9.
Hu H, Ma F, Wei X, Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis treated with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(2):206.
Huff JS, Murr N. Seizure. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430765/
Pedoman pencegahan dan pengendalian CORONA VIRUS DISEASE (COVID-19). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2020.
Yuki K, Fujiogi M, Koutsogiannaki S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: A review. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108427.
da Rosa Mesquita R, Francelino Silva Jr LC, Santos Santana FM, Farias de Oliveira T, Campos Alcântara R, Monteiro Arnozo G, et al. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the general population: Systematic review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(7-8):377-82. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01760-4.
Types of seizures | Epilepsy | CDC [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/about/types-of-seizures.htm
Sarmast ST, Abdullahi AM, Jahan N. Current classification of seizures and epilepsies: Scope, limitations and recommendations for future action. Cureus [Internet]. 12(9): e10549. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7575300/
Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Oct 10]. Available from: https://www.ilae.org/files/ilaeGuideline/ClassificationOfEpilepsies_Scheffer_et_al-2017-Epilepsia.pdf
Stafstrom CE. Back to basics: The pathophysiology of epileptic seizures: A primer for pediatricians. Pediatr Rev. 1998;19(10):342–51.
Asadi-Pooya AA. Seizures associated with coronavirus infections. Seizure. 2020;79:49–52.
Niazkar HR, Zibaee B, Nasimi A, Bahri N. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: A review article [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 17]. Available from: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10072-020-04486-3.pdf
Yu H, Sun T, Feng J. Complications and pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the nervous system. Front Neurol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 17];0. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.573421/full
Lima FS de, Issa N, Seibert K, Davis J, Wlodarski R, Klein S, et al. Epileptiform activity and seizures in patients with COVID-19. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021;92(5):565–6.
Emami A, Fadakar N, Akbari A, Lotfi M, Farazdaghi M, Javanmardi F, et al. Seizure in patients with COVID-19. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(11):3057–61.
Kuroda N. Epilepsy and COVID-19: Associations and important considerations. Epilepsy Behav. 2020;108:107122.
Asadi-Pooya AA, Emami A, Akbari A, Javanmardi F. COVID-19 presentations and outcome in patients with epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 2021;143(6):624–8.
Desai I, Manchanda R, Kumar N, Tiwari A, Kumar M. Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019: Exploring past to understand present. Neurol Sci. 2021;42(3):773-85. doi: 10.1007/s10072-020-04964-8.
Cabezudo-García P, Ciano-Petersen NL, Mena-Vázquez N, Pons-Pons G, Castro-Sánchez MV, Serrano-Castro PJ. Incidence and case fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with active epilepsy. Neurology 2020;95(10):1417–25.
Russo E, Iannone L. Clinically relevant drug-drug interaction between AEDs and medications used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Oct 17]. Available from: https://www.ilae.org/files/dmfile/Antiepileptic-drugs-interactions_in_COVID-19.pdf
Fırat O, Yalçın N, Demirkan K. COVID-19 & antiepileptic drugs: Should we pay attention? Seizure. 2020;80:240–1.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
