Efektivitas Suplementasi Vitamin D3 dalam Meningkatkan Fungsi Kognitif Usia Lanjut. Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i7.260Kata Kunci:
Demensia, fungsi kognitif, vitamin DAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Demensia adalah salah satu penyakit kronis degeneratif yang hingga saat ini belum memiliki tata laksana definitif. Beberapa suplementasi yang menjanjikan untuk meningkatkan fungsi kognitif, salah satunya adalah vitamin D3. Tujuan: Membuat telaah sistematis studi terkait suplementasi vitamin D3 dan peranannya dalam meningkatkan fungsi kognitif. Metode: Pencarian sistematis dilakukan pada tiga database, yaitu PubMed, CENTRAL, dan ScienceDirect untuk memilih studi eksperimental sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Artikel yang terpilih kemudian ditelaah kritis dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil: Pada analisis akhir didapatkan 5 artikel untuk telaah kritis, hanya satu studi memiliki risiko bias rendah. Empat studi populasi lanjut usia (lansia) tanpa gangguan kognitif menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan fungsi kognitif kelompok suplementasi vitamin D dibandingkan kelompok plasebo. Satu studi populasi lansia penderita Alzheimer menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan nilai total IQ setelah suplementasi vitamin D3 800 IU per hari selama 12 bulan. Simpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D3 pada lansia dengan fungsi kognitif baik tidak menghasilkan perubahan fungsi kognitif bermakna. Namun, menjaga fungsi kognitif harus dilakukan secara komprehensif, dimulai dari pola diet seimbang, aktivitas fisik, serta latihan kognitif rutin.
Background: Dementia is one of the chronic degenerative diseases that until now does not have a definitive therapy. Several supplements are promising to increase cognitive function, including vitamin D3. Objective: Make a systematic review on studies related to vitamin D3 supplementation and its role in improving cognitive function. Method: A systematic search was carried out on three databases, which are PubMed, CENTRAL, and ScienceDirect to select experimental studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selected articles were then critically reviewed and further analyzed. Results: Five articles were included in the final analysis to be critically appraised, only one study has a low risk of bias. Four studies regarding elderlies without cognitive dysfunction showed no significant differences between group with vitamin D supplementation and placebo in terms of cognitive function. One study with Alzheimer’s elderlies as the population showed a significant increase in total IQ score after vitamin D3 800 IU supplementation every day for 12 months. Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation for elderlies with good cognitive function showed no significant difference. However, maintaining cognitive function needs a comprehensive management i.e., balanced diet, physical activity, and routine cognitive training.
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