Tatalaksana Hemodialisis pada Anak dan Bayi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i4.370Kata Kunci:
Anak, hemodialisis, indikasi, penyakit ginjal kronikAbstrak
Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) merupakan masalah kesehatan serius pada anak dengan morbiditas dan mortalitas yang makin meningkat serta menimbulkan masalah sosial ekonomi yang signifikan. Penyebab utama PGK pada anak adalah anomali kongenital ginjal dan saluran kemih, diikuti nefropati herediter dan glomerulonefritis. Indikasi absolut untuk memulai dialisis pada anak meliputi anuria, gangguan elektrolit berat, gangguan neurologis pada gagal ginjal, perikarditis, diatesis perdarahan, mual berulang, gejala uremia, volume berlebihan, atau kegagalan pertumbuhan meskipun terapi medis sudah tepat, dan hipertensi. Mengoptimalkan status gizi dengan dukungan ahli diet adalah elemen dasar perawatan anak dengan penyakit ginjal kronik stadium 5. Peran ahli diet adalah meminimalkan gejala uremia, mencegah komplikasi penyakit tulang akibat gangguan ginjal (renal bone disease), dan mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan anak.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem in children with increasing morbidity and mortality and creates significant socioeconomic problems. The main causes of CKD in pediatric are congenital renal and urinary tract anomalies, followed by hereditary nephropathy and glomerulonephritis. Absolute indications for dialysis in children include anuria, severe electrolyte disorders, neurological disorders found in renal failure, pericarditis, bleeding diathesis, repetitive nausea, uremia symptoms, excessive volume, or growth failure after appropriate medical therapy and hypertension. Optimizing nutritional status with the support of a dietitian is basic element of care for a child with stage 5 chronic kidney disease. The role of a diet expert is to minimize the symptoms of uremia, prevent complications of bone disease due to kidney disorders (renal bone disease), and optimize adequate child growth.
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