Infeksi Human Immunode ciency Virus (HIV) dalam Kehamilan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v46i5.466Kata Kunci:
AIDS, ARV, HIV, kehamilanAbstrak
Infeksi HIV selama masa kehamilan dapat menyebabkan transmisi vertikal dari ibu ke anak baik dalam masa kehamilan maupun saat proses persalinan. Beberapa strategi telah dikembangkan untuk menurunkan transmisi vertikal berupa edukasi kesehatan reproduksi, pencegahan infeksi dengan penggunaan kondom, skrining HIV universal, tatalaksana menggunakan ARV, PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis), serta deteksi dini dan tatalaksana infeksi HIV pada ibu hamil. Pemilihan jenis persalinan pada wanita hamil dengan HIV sangat bergantung pada viral load pada saat usia kehamilan sudah aterm. Tatalaksana ARV pada ibu hamil tetap dilakukan demi menekan risiko transmisi. Pemberian ASI pada dasarnya dikontraindikasikan. Profilaksis ARV diberikan kepada bayi.
HIV infection in pregnancy can transmit vertically from mother to child whether in utero or in delivery process. Several strategies have been implemented to reduce HIV vertical transmission, such as sexual health education, condom usage, universal HIV screening, management of HIV using ARV, PrEP, early detection, and ARV therapy during pregnancy. Delivery in pregnancy with HIV infection can be done vaginally if patient’s viral load is low or abdominally to reduce the risk of vertical transmission. ARV prophylaxis is given to babies born from mother with HIV and breastfeeding is basically contraindicated.
Unduhan
Referensi
Negara KS. Karakteristik ibu hamil dengan HIV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode tahun 2005 - 2010. Denpasar: Universitas Udayana; 2012.
Ruiter A, Taylor GP, Clayden P, Dhar J, Gandhi K. British HIV association guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women. HIV medicine.2014;15(Suppl. 4):1–77.
UNAIDS. Overview: Data & Trends: Global Statistics [Internet]. UNAIDS; 2018 Jul. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/data-and-trends/global-statistics
Kourtis AP, Bulterys M. Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: pathogenesis, mechanisms and pathways. Clin Perinatol. 2010;37:721–37.
Fettig J, Swaminathan M, Murrill CS, Kaplan JE. Global Epidemiology of HIV. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 28(3):323–37.
Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. Kajian epidemiologi HIV [Internet]. Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia; 2017 Feb. http://siha.depkes.go.id/portal/files_upload/KAJIAN_EPIDOMIOLOGY_HIV_INDONESIA_2016.pdf
Infodatin: Situasi dan analisis HIV AIDS. Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia; 2014.
Sexually Transmitted Infections. In: Williams Obstetrics 25 th Ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill Education; p. 1247–50.
Cooper E, Charurat M, Mofenson L, Hanson I, Pitt J, Diaz C, et al. Combination antiretroviral strategies for the treatment of pregnat HIV-1-infected women and prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002;29(5):484–94.
Mandelbrot L, Tubiana R, Le Chenadec J, Dollfus C, Faye A, Pannier E. No perinatal HIV-1 transmission from women with effective antiretroviral therapy starting before conception. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61(11):1715–25.
Kourtis AP, Bulterys M, Nesheim SR, Lee FK. Understanding the timing of HIV transmission from mother to infant. JAMA. 2001;285(6):709–12.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Rapid HIV testing of women in labor and delivery. 2016; https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/clinical/women.html
Tarmidzi SN, Hastuti EB, Damayanti R, Kaptiningsih A, Lukman HL, Basri C. Pedoman manajemen program pencegahan penularan HIV dan sifilis dari ibu ke anak [Internet]. Milwiyandia, editor. Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2015. http://siha.depkes.go.id/portal/files_upload/Pedoman_Manajemen_PPIApdf.pdf
NYSDOH AIDS Institute. Clinical Guidelines Program: HIV testing during pregnancy and at delivery [Internet]. 2017. https://www.hivguidelines.org/perinatal-hivcare/hiv-testing-pregnancy-and-delivery/
Dewi IP. Antigen untuk metode serologi deteksi antibodi anti-HIV. CDK-268. 2018;45(9):665–8.
Bennett B, Branson B, Ethridge S, Hagan C, Owen M, Pentella M, et al. Suggested reporting language for the HIV laboratory diagnostic testing algorithm [Internet]. USA: APHL & CDC; 2013. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/22423
Lien T, Tien N, Canpong G, Cuc C, Yen V, Soderquist R, et al. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, hepatitis B surface antigen, and syphilis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000;62(2):301–9.
Direktorat Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit. Program Pengendalian HIV AIDS dan PIMS di Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama [Internet]. Indonesia: Kementerian Kesehatan Indonesia; 2016. http://siha.depkes.go.id/portal/files_upload/4__Pedoman_Fasyankes_Primer_ok.pdf
WHO Technical Brief: Preventing HIV during pregnancy and breastfeeding in the context of prep [Internet]. Geneva: WHO 2017. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255866/WHO-HIV-2017.09-eng.pdf;jsessionid=462CB679720E1BCD57EAB45764D7AA7E?sequence=1
Donnell D, Baeten J, Kiarie J, Thomas K, Stevens W, Cohen C, et al. Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort analysis. Lancet. 2010;372(9731):2092–8.
Abrams EJ, Anderson J, Brookie M, Chakraborty R, Cohn SE. Recommendations for the use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant women with HIV infection and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in the United States [Internet]. USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2018. (AIDS info). https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines
Siemieniuk RAC, Lytvyn L, Ming JM, Mullen RM, Anam F. Antiretroviral therapy in pregnant women living with HIV: a clinical practice guideline. bmj. 358(j3961):1–10.
Peterson AT, Ramus RM, Kleeman LC, Talaveraa F. HIV in pregnancy [Internet]. Medscape. 2017. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1385488-overview#a3
Lockman S, Huges M, McIntyre J, Zheng Y, Chipato T, Conradie F, et al. Antiretroviral therapies in women after single-dose nevirapine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(16):1499–509.
Money D, Tulloch K, Boucoiran I, Caddy S. Guidelines for the care of pregnant women living with HIV and interventions to reduce perinatal transmission. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2014;36(8):721–34.
Fowler MG, Qin M, Fiscus JS, Currier PM, Chipato J, McIntyre J, et al. Benefits and risks of antiretroviral therapy for perinatal HIV prevention. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(18):1726–37.
World Health Organization. Breast is always best, even for HIV-positive mothers. Bull WHO: Past issues. 2010;88(1):1–80.
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2019 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
