Tatalaksana Epilepsi Refrakter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v47i7.595Kata Kunci:
Epilepsi Refrakter, tatalaksanaAbstrak
Epilepsi refrakter atau resisten obat didefinisikan sebagai kegagalan respons terhadap dua obat anti-epilepsi sesuai jadwal, dosis, dan rute pemberian, baik monoterapi maupun kombinasi, untuk tercapainya bebas serangan. Serangan epilepsi yang tidak terkontrol atau resisten obat umumnya berkaitan dengan prognosis buruk, dan mengganggu kualitas hidup. Beberapa pilihan terapi kasus epilepsi refrakter, yaitu diet ketogenik, deep brain stimulator (DBS), vagal nerve stimulator (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), responsive cortical neuro-stimulator (RNS), dan pembedahan. Terapi lini pertama adalah pembedahan reseksi.
Refractory epilepsy is defined as epilepsy unresponsive to two or more anti epileptic drugs with proper schedule doses, and route of administration on monotherapy and combined therapy, to achieve seizures freedom. Refractory epilepsy was associated with poor prognostic and decreased quality of life. Several alternatives for refractory epilepsy are ketogenic diet, Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS), Vagal Nerve Stimulator (VNS), Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), Responsive Cortical Neuro-Stimulator (RNS), and surgery. The first line therapy for refractory epilepsy is resection surgery.
Unduhan
Referensi
Pickrell WO, Smith PE. Treatment of resistant epilepsy. Clinical Med 2014;14(6):1–6.
Engel J. Approaches to refractory epilepsy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2014;17(Suppl 1):12-7.
Jette N, Reid AY, Wiebe S. Surgical management of epilepsy. CMAJ. 2014;186(13):997–1004.
Li MCH, Cook MJ. Deep brain stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2018;59(2):273-90. doi: 10.1111/epi.13964. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Lima PA, Sampaio LP, Damasceno NR. Neurobiochemical mechanisms of a ketogenic diet in refractory epilepsy. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2014;69(10):699-705.
Parakh M, Katewa V. Non-pharmacologic management of epilepsy. Indian J Pediatr. 2014;81(10):1073-80. doi: 10.1007/s12098-014-1519-z. Epub 2014 Jul 5.
Nei M, Ngo L, Sirven JI, Sperling MR. Ketogenic diet in adolescents and adults with epilepsy. Seizure. 2014;23(6):439-42
Ye F, Li X, Jiang W, Sun H, Liu J. Efficacy of and patient compliance with a ketogenic diet in adults with intractable epilepsy: A meta-analysis. J Clin Neurol. 2015;11(1):26–31.
Bergqvist AG. Long-term monitoring of the ketogenic diet: Do's and don'ts. Epilepsy Res. 2012;100(3):261-6. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2011.05.020. Epub 2011 Aug 19.
Terra VC, Amorim R, SIlvado C, Oliveira AJ, Jorge CL, Faveret E, et al. Vagus nerve stimulator in patients with epilepsy: Indications and recommendations for use. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(11):902-6.
Navidhamidi M, Mehranfard N. Vagal nerve stimulation for refractory epilepsy: A brief review. Neuropsychiatry. 2016;6(4):149-60.
Englot DJ, Chang EF, Auguste KI. Vagus nerve stimulation for epilepsy: A meta-analysis of efficacy and predictors of response. A review. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(6):1248-55.
Meneses MS, Rocha SFB, Simão C, Laroca dos Santos HNH, Perira C, Kowacs PA. Vagus nerve stimulation may be a sound therapeutic option in the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71(1):25-30.
Waseem H, Raffaa SJ, Benbadis SR, Vale FL. Lead revision surgery for vagus nerve stimulation in epilepsy: Outcomes and efficacy. Epilepsy Behav. 2014;31:110-3.
Marras CE, Chiesa V, Benedictis A, Franzini A, Rizzi M, Villani F, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation in refractory epilepsy: New indications and outcome assessment. Epilepsy Behav. 2013;28(3):374-8.
Kahlow H, Olivecrona M. Complications of vagal nerve stimulation for drug-resistant epilepsy: A single center longitudinal study of 143 patients. Seizure. 2013;22(10):827-33.
Carrette S, Boon P, Dekeyser C, Klooster DC, Carrette E, Meurs A, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of refractory epilepsy. Expert Rev Neurother. 2016;16(9):1093-110. doi: 10.1080/14737175.2016.1197119. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
Zeiler FA, Matuszczak M, Teitlbaum J, Gillman LM, Kazina CJ. Transcranial magnetic stimulation for status epilepticus. Epilepsi Res Treat. 2015; 2015: 678074.
Fregni F, Otachi PT, Do Valle A, Boggio PS, Thut G, Rigonatti SP, et al. A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with refractory epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 2006;60(4):447-55.
Pereira LS, Müller VT, da Mota Gomes M, Rotenberg A, Fregni F. Safety of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with epilepsy: A systematic review. Epilepsy Behav. 2016;57(Pt A):167-76. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.01.015. Epub 2016 Mar 10.
Hartshorn A, Jobst B. Responsive brain stimulation in epilepsy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis. 2018; 9(7):135–42.
Sun FT, Morrell MJ, Wharen RE Jr. Responsive cortical stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy. Neurotherapeutics. 2008;5(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.10.069.
Georgiadis I, Kapsalaki EZ, Fountas KN. Temporal lobe resective surgery for medically intractable epilepsy: A review of complications and side effects. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2013; 2013:752195.
Wang D, Liu X, Zhou B, Kuang W, Guo T. Advanced research on deep brain stimulation in treating mental disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2018;15(1):3–12.
Klinger N, Mittal S. Deep brain stimulation for seizure control in drug-resistant epilepsy. Neurosurg Focus 2018;45(2):4. doi:10.3171/2018.4.focus1872
George MS, Aston-Jones G. Noninvasive techniques for probing neurocircuitry and treating illness: vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;35(1):301-16. doi: 10.1038/npp.2009.87.
Eastin TM, Lopez-Gonzalez MA. Stimulation and neuromodulation in the treatment of epilepsy. Brain Sci. 2017;8(1). pii: E2. doi: 10.3390/brainsci8010002
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Cara Mengutip
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Artikel ini berlisensi Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
