Manajemen Asma dalam Kehamilan: Apa yang Harus Dipahami oleh Dokter Umum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i3.657Kata Kunci:
Asma, dokter umum, kehamilan, manajemen, pelayanan primerAbstrak
Eksaserbasi asma dalam kehamilan dapat mempersulit proses persalinan dan berisiko bayi lahir dengan berat badan lahir rendah dan ibu berisiko mengalami persalinan preterm, preeklampsia, dan sectio caessaria. Penyebab eksaserbasi asma dalam kehamilan dapat akibat terapi kurang optimal selama kehamilan akibat kekhawatiran personal pasien dan dokter yang kurang didukung bukti terkait keamanan agen farmakologis asma dalam kehamilan, dan rendahnya kepatuhan pasien untuk kontrol rutin, terutama selama masa pandemi COVID-19. Hingga kini, manajemen asma antenatal menjadi tugas besar dokter umum di layanan primer, dan dokter spesialis obstetrik dan ginekologi, serta dokter spesialis paru di layanan sekunder, sedangkan panduan khusus komprehensif asma dalam kehamilan di Indonesia masih terbatas. Telaah literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman esensial perubahan klinis dan mekanisme yang berkontribusi terhadap tidak terkontrolnya asma selama kehamilan, pendekatan diagnosis komprehensif asma dalam kehamilan, dan menyediakan informasi obat-obatan yang aman untuk manajemen asma dalam kehamilan.
Asthma exacerbations in pregnancy can complicate the delivery process and risk low birth weight in the baby, as well as preterm labor, preeclampsia, and a cesarean section in mothers. Asthma exacerbations during pregnancy can be caused by ineffective treatment due to patient and physician concerns about the safety of asthma medications during pregnancy that are not supported by reliable data, as well as poor patient compliance for routine control, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Asthma management during antenatal care falls primarily on general practitioners in primary care, and obstetricians and gynecologists, and pulmonologists in secondary-level services. While specific guidelines in Indonesia are still limited, this review aims to present a fundamental understanding of clinical changes and mechanisms that contribute to the uncontrolled status of asthma during pregnancy, a comprehensive diagnostic approach to asthma in pregnancy, and provide a safety drug profile during pregnancy
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