Infeksi Jamur Oportunistik Pneumocystis jirovecii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v45i12.684Kata Kunci:
Diagnostik, faktor virulensi, P. jiroveciiAbstrak
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. Hominis, yang diketahui sebagai penyebab infeksi oportunistik saluran pernapasan bawah pada individu dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh lemah, terutama penderita infeksi HIV. PjP terdistribusi di seluruh dunia dan dapat menyerang berbagai usia. P. jirovecii mempunyai beberapa faktor virulensi antara lain major surface glycoprotein (MSG), DHPS (dihidropteroat sintase), dan mtLSU (mitochondrial large subunit). Diagnosis PjP mengandalkan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dari berbagai spesimen saluran pernapasan. Metode lain adalah diagnosis molekuler untuk deteksi dan karakterisasi DNA. Pengobatan lini pertama dengan kombinasi trimetoprim-sulfametoksazol (TMP-SMX). Beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia telah melaporkan beberapa genotip resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Penyebab resistensi antibiotik dapat disebabkan oleh pemakaian jangka panjang atau kesalahan deteksi karena seringkali gejalanya tidak khas.
Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) previously known as Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis are known to be the cause of opportunistic lower respiratory tract infections in individuals with decreased immunity, especially HIV infection. PjP is distributed throughout the world and can attack various ages. P. jirovecii has several virulence factors including major surface glycoprotein (MSG), DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase), and mtLSU (mitochondrial large subunit). Diagnosis of PjP relied on microscopic examination of various respiratory specimens. Another method is molecular diagnosis for detecting and characterizing DNA. The first-line treatment use trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Some countries including Indonesia have reported resistance to some antibiotics. It can be caused by long-term use or diagnostic error because of atypical symptoms.
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