Recovery of Late Gadolinium Enhancement and T1-T2 Cardiac Mapping with Lake Louise Criteria in Patients with Acute Myocarditis
Case Series
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i10.1130Keywords:
Acute myocarditis, cardiac magnetic resonance, late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, T2 mappingAbstract
Myocarditis is a condition characterized by inflammation in the myocardium. Myocarditis is difficult to diagnose, due to its multiple, heterogeneous manifestations with many differential diagnoses. T1 and T2 cardiac mapping were added as a criterion in the revised Lake Louise Criteria (LLC). The revised criteria have been reported to have higher sensitivity. We included two patients diagnosed with myocarditis based on the revised LLC. All patients were diagnosed using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which includes late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1-T2 mapping. LGE is a technique frequently used in CMR to visualize cardiac tissue, whichis most sensitive to fibrosis. Revised LLC includes quantitative measures of T1 and T2 value, and T1-T2 mapping is advantageously related to its ability to quantitatively assess myocardial abnormalities. CMR using LGE combined with T1-T2 mapping allows the diagnosis of myocarditis. Recovery of T1 and T2 values during follow-up allows quantitative measurement of patients’ condition and treatment success.
Downloads
References
Vos T, Barber RM, Bell B, Bertozzi-Villa A, Biryukov S, Bolliger I, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015;386(9995):743–800. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60692-4.
Pan JA, Lee YJ, Salerno M. Diagnostic performance of extracellular volume, native T1, and T2 mapping versus Lake Louise criteria by cardiac magnetic resonance for detection of acute myocarditis a meta-analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;11(7):e007598. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.118.007598.
Kim PK, Hong YJ, Im DJ, Suh YJ, Park CH, Kim JY, et al. Myocardial T1 and T2 mapping: Techniques and clinical applications. Korean J Radiol. 2017;18(1):113–31. DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.1.113.
Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, Kramer CM, Carbone I, Sechtem U, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: Expert recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(24):3158–76. DOI: 0.1016/j.jacc.2018.09.072.
Ammirati E, Frigerio M, Adler ED, Basso C, Birnie DH, Brambatti M, et al. Management of acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy: An expert consensus document. Circ Hear Fail. 2020;13(11):E007405. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405.
Lampejo T, Durkin SM, Bhatt N, Guttmann O. Acute myocarditis: Aetiology, diagnosis and management. Clin Med J R Coll Physicians London. 2021;21(5):E505–10. DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2021-0121.
Luetkens JA, Faron A, Isaak A, Dabir D, Kuetting D, Feisst A, et al. Comparison of original and 2018 Lake Louise criteria for diagnosis of acute myocarditis: Results of a validation cohort. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2019;1(3):e190010. DOI: 10.1148/ryct.2019190010.
Von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Schuler J, Doganguzel S, Dieringer MA, Rudolph A, Greiser A, et al. Detection and monitoring of acute myocarditis applying quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;10(2):e005242. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.116.005242.
Spieker M, Katsianos E, Gastl M, Behm P, Horn P, Jacoby C, et al. T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance identifies the presence of myocardial inflammation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy as compared to endomyocardial biopsy. Eur Hear J - Cardiovasc Imaging. 2018;19(5):574–82. DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex230.
Krumm P, Brendel JM, Klingel K, Muller KAL, Kubler J, Grani C, et al. Using multiparametric cardiac magnetic resonance to phenotype and differentiate biopsy- proven chronic from healed myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. J Clin Med. 2022;11(17):5047. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175047.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Prasetyo Andriono
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
