The Role of Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Immune Response to Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Authors

  • I Nyoman Surya Ari Wahyudi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia
  • Ovi Sofia Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8317-7626

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1538

Keywords:

Cytokine profile, TNF-α, ocular toxoplasmosis, tumor necrosis factor

Abstract

Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is the most common infection causing posterior uveitis worldwide, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Many cytokines such as TNF α, IL-6, and IL-10 are involved in the development of uveitis. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine released primarily during inflammatory response of macrophages and T cells, to mediate the activation and infiltration of leukocytes and T helper (Th)1 lymphocyte responses in the tissue. Macular inflammation caused by TO can lead to substantial visual impairment. High level of TNF-α cause disruption of the blood-retinal barrier in uveitis. TNF-α plays a role as a positive regulator of the immune response. Systemic TNF-α levels in ocular infections, particularly TO, increase, which is associated with an increased inflammatory response, contributing to choroidal and retinal tissue damage in TO patients. The TNF-α levels in tissues and intraocular fluid can vary depending on the type and severity of infection. Detection of systemic TNF-α may act a potential clinical biomarker for ocular toxoplasmosis.

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Author Biography

Ovi Sofia, Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Mata, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Brawijaya/RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar, Malang, Indonesia

Infection and Immunology Division, Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya

Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, Indonesia

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Published

08-08-2025

How to Cite

Wahyudi, I. N. S. A., & Sofia, O. (2025). The Role of Systemic Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha in the Immune Response to Ocular Toxoplasmosis. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(8), 553–557. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1538