The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Inflammatory Markers in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Evidence-Based Case Report

Evidence-based Case Report

Abstract

Introduction: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects that may help reduce inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and
C-reactive protein (CRP) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from May to June 2025. Included studies were meta-analyses or randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating omega-3 supplementation in adult CRC patients, with inflammatory markers as primary outcomes. Critical assessment tools and levels of evidence of the final articles are based on the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Results: Three meta-analyses were reviewed. Omega-3 supplementation was given orally (660 mg–4.8 g/day) or parenterally (0.1–0.2 g/kg/day) for 5 to 84 days. IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were significantly reduced in most studies. CRP showed modest and inconsistent improvement, while
albumin slightly increased. High heterogeneity in dose, timing, and administration routes limited the strength of interpretation. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation appears to reduce systemic inflammation in CRC patients, particularly through IL-6 suppression. Although the effect on CRP is inconsistent and albumin improvement is mild, these findings suggest a potential benefit in inflammatory and nutritional status. Further standardized and high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm clinical utility and optimal dosing strategies.