Cutaneous Mucormycosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v49i2.193Keywords:
Cutaneous mucormycosis, rhizopus, zygomycosisAbstract
Cutaneous mucormycosis is an emerging fungal infection caused by opportunistic fungi from phylum Glomeromycota. This disease is frequently found in poorly controlled diabetic patients and immunosuppressed individuals. It is usually acquired by direct inoculation through trauma. The clinical presentation is nonspecific indurated plaque rapidly evolves to necrosis. Diagnosis should be confirmed by demonstration of the etiological agent and molecular tests. First-line therapy is amphotericin B combined with surgery; second line treatment include posaconazole and isavuconazole.
Cutaneous mucormycosis adalah infeksi jamur oportunistik dari filum Glomerycota. Penyakit ini sering dijumpai pada pasien diabetes tidak terkontrol serta pada pasien imunosupresi. Penyebaran penyakit ini umumnya inokulasi langsung melalui trauma. Gambaran klinis berupa plak berindurasi nonspesifik yang berkembang cepat menjadi nekrosis. Diagnosis melalui pemeriksaan kultur dan sejumlah tes molekular. Terapi lini pertama yaitu amphotericin B dengan pembedahan, lini kedua dapat menggunakan posaconazole dan isavuconazole.
Downloads
References
Roden MM, Zoutis TE, Buchanan WL, Knudsen TA, Sarkisova TA, Schaufele RL, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of zygomycosis: A review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41:634-53.
Spellberg B, Edwards Jr J, Ibrahim A. Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: Pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2005;18(3):556-69.
Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Lortholary O, Roilides E, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP, Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54(1):23-34.
Rammaert B, Lanternier F, Zahar JR, Dannaoui E, Bougnoux ME, Lecuit M, et al. Healthcare-associated mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis 2012;54(Suppl 1):44-54.
Pappas PG, Alexander BD, Andes SR, Hadley S, Kauffman CA, Freifeld A, et al. Invasive fungal infections among organ transplant recipients: Results of the transplant-associated infection surveillance network (TRANSNET). Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(8):1101-11.
Castrejón-Pérez AD, Welsh EC, Miranda I, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Cutaneous mucormycosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92(3):304-11.
Skiada A, Rigopoulos D, Larios G, Petrikkos G, Katsambas A. Global epidemiology of cutaneous zygomycosis. Clin Dermatol. 2012;30:628-32.
Skiada A, Petrikkos G. Cutaneous zygomycosis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15:41-5.
Lalayanni C, Baliakas P, Xochelli A, Apostolou C, Arabatzis M, Velegraki A, et al. Outbreak of cutaneous zygomycosis associated with the use of adhesive tape in haematology patients. J Hosp Infect. 2012;81:213-5.
Simbli M, Hakim F, Koudieh M, Tleyjeh IM. Nosocomial post-traumatic cutaneous mucormycosis: A systematic review. Scand J Infect Dis.2012;54:44-54.
Skiada A, Pagano L, Groll A, Zimmerli S, Dupont B, Lagrou K, et Al. Zygomycosis in Europe: Analysis of 230 cases accrued by the registry of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) Working Group on Zygomycosis between 2005 and 2007. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17:1859-67.
Bitar D, Van Cauteren D, Lanternier F, Dannaoui E, Che D, Dromer F, et al. Increasing incidence of zygomycosis (mucormycosis), France, 1997-2006. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1395-401.
Bonifaz A, Stchigel AM, Guarro J, Guevara E, Pintos L, Sanchis M, et al. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis produced by the new species Apophysomyces mexicanus. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52:4428-31.
Isha B, Amjad B, Fareeda A. A contemporary intimidation for COVID-19 patients coinfected with mucormycosis in India. J Bacteriol Mycol Open Access. 2021;9(2):69-71.
Ibrahim AS, Spellberg B, Walsh TJ, Kontoyiannis DP. Pathogenesis of mucormycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54 (Suppl 1):16-22.
Castrejón-Pérez AD, Welsh EC, Miranda I, Ocampo-Candiani J, Welsh O. Cutaneous mucormycosis. An Bras Dermatol. 2017;92(3):304-11.
Sittig KR, Laageide LG, Akhtar Z, Wall GC, Kumar SC. Cutaneous mucormycosis in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient on ibrutinib. IDCases. 2021;24:e01120.
Hernández JL, Buckley CJ. Mucormycosis. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544364/
Jeong W, Keighley C, Wolfe R, Lee WL, Slavin MA, Kong DCM, et al. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of mucormycosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of case reports. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(1):26-34.
Ahmadinejad Z, Khazraiyan H, Ghanbari F, Ahmadi B, Shoar MG. Cutaneous mucormycosis in a diabetic patient following traditional dressing. Case Rep Dermatol Med. 2013;2013:894927. doi: 10.1155/2013/894927..
Menzinger S, Sid’Amar S, Kaya G. Cutaneous mucormycosis resulting from hematogenous dissemination of Rhizomucor pusillus in an immunocompromised patient. Dermatopathol. 2019;6:275-8.
Jia QY, Song YG, Li XQ, Mu ZL, Li RY, Li HM. Simultaneous infection of the skin surface and dermal tissue with two different fungus mimicking pyoderma gangrenosum: A case report. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021;14:163-7
Baldin C, Soliman SSM, Jeon HH, Alkhazraji S, Gebremariam T, Gu Y, et al. PCR-based approach targeting mucorales-specific gene family for diagnosis of mucormycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(10):746-18.
Ziaee A, Zia M, Bayat M, Hashemi J. Molecular identification of mucor and lichtheimia species in pure cultures of zygomycetes. Jundishapur J Microbiol. 2016;9(4):35237.
Alanio A, Garcia-Hermoso D, Mercier-Delarue S, Lanternier F, Gits-Muselli M, Menotti J, et al. Molecular identification of mucorales in human tissues: Contribution of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Clin Microbiol Infect.2015;21:594.
Blyth CC, Gilroy NM, Guy SD, Chambers ST, Cheong EY, Gottlieb T, et al. Consensus guidelines for the treatment of invasive mould infections in haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation. Intern Med J. 2014;44:1333–49.
Skiada A, Lanternier F, Groll AH, Pagano L, Zimmerli S, Herbrecht R, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies: Guidelines from the 3rd European Conference on Infections in Leukemia (ECIL 3). Haematologica. 2013;98(4):492-504.
Sipsas NV, Gamaletsou MN, Anastasopoulou A, Kontoyiannis DP. Therapy of mucormycosis. J Fungi (Basel). 2018;4(3):90.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
