Risk Factor of Child Diarrhea in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i11.811Keywords:
Childhood diarrhea, Indonesia, risk factors, systematic reviewAbstract
Bakcground: Diarrhea is the leading cause of death among children worldwide, including in Indonesia. However, there is no scientific research on the most common risk factors for diarrhea among children in Indonesia. A systematic literature review was conducted to highlight the most predisposing risk factors of diarrhea based on the epidemiological triangle, in order to improve preventive measures by society to reduce the incidence of childhood diarrhea. Methods: A systematic review of observational studies without limitation of year of publication was performed in 2023 based on PRISMA protocol. Results: A total of 2607 studies were identified from the Pubmed database, only 9 studies were extracted and assessed using the STROBE method. The risk factors were divided into 3 categories: environmental, host and other, to follow the rule of the epidemiologic triangle of disease. The highest odds ratios were found for the factor "child defecation in open places" (OR=10.47) from the environmental category and for the factor "child eating by hand" (OR=5.6) from the host category. Lower maternal education from the host category was also influential (OR=1.52). Conclusion: Improper public disposal of child feces, child behavior of eating with hand and low maternal education are the most significant contributing risk factors of child diarrhea in Indonesia.
Downloads
References
WHO. Diarrhoeal disease: World Health Organization [Internet]. 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease.
RI D. Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Depkes Official Website: Departemen Kesehatan RI; 2008.
WHO. Disease burden and mortality estimates: World Health Organization [Internet]. 2018. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/ index1.html.
Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (strobe) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies. Internat J Surg. 2014;12:1495-9.
Cronin AA, Sebayang SK, Torlesse H, Nandy R. Association of safe disposal of child feces and reported diarrhea in Indonesia: need for stronger focus on a neglected risk. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016;13(3):310.
Komarulzaman A, Smits J, de Jong E. Clean water, sanitation and diarrhoea in Indonesia: Effects of household and community factors. Glob Public Health 2017;12(9):1141-55.
Agustina R, Shankar AV, Ayuningtyas A, Achadi EL, Shankar AH. Maternal agency influences the prevalence of diarrhea and acute respiratory tract infections among young Indonesian children. Matern Child Health J. 2015;19(5):1033-46.
Salim H, Karyana IP, Sanjaya-Putra IG, Budiarsa S, Soenarto Y. Risk factors of rotavirus diarrhea in hospitalized children in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar: A prospective cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:54.
Sima LC, Desai MM, McCarty KM, Elimelech M. Relationship between use of water from community-scale water treatment refill kiosks and childhood diarrhea in Jakarta. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2012;87(6):979-84.
Agustina R, Sari TP, Satroamidjojo S, Bovee-Oudenhoven IM, Feskens EJ, Kok FJ. Association of food-hygiene practices and diarrhea prevalence among Indonesian young children from low socioeconomic urban areas. BMC Public Health 2013;13:977.
Semba RD, de Pee S, Kraemer K, Sun K, Thorne-Lyman A, Moench-Pfanner R, et al. Purchase of drinking water is associated with increased child morbidity and mortality among urban slum-dwelling families in Indonesia. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2009;212(4):387-97.
Aulia H, Surapaty SC, Bahar E, Susanto TA, Roisuddin, Hamzah M, et al. Personal and domestic hygiene and its relationship to the incidence of diarrhoea in south Sumatera. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res. 1994;12(1):42-8.
Watson L, Shibata T, Ansariadi A, Maidin A, Nikitin I, Wilson J. Understanding modifiable risk factors associated with childhood diarrhea in eastern Indonesian urban setting. Internat J Health Promotion and Education [Internet]. 2014. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14635240.2014.951491
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Cermin Dunia Kedokteran
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
