Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Tuberculosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v45i1.834Keywords:
Intraocular tuberculosis, intraocular tuberculosis, tuberculosisAbstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. This bacteria can affects the eye by direct invasion after haematogenous dissemination accompanied by local inflammation or via immunologic reaction related to delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the bacteria elsewhere in the body. Ocular TB can be a great mimicker of various uveitis depending on location, host response and the virulence of the organism.. Definitive diagnosis would require microbiological confirmation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from ocular fluid/tissue. Tuberculin skin test and interferron-gamma release assays (IGRA) has been used to diagnose patient without systemic symptoms. Delayed diagnosis or treatment can result in vision loss. This review will focus on the clinical manifestation and diagnosis of ocular TB.
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah infeksi kronik oleh Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bakteri ini dapat menginfeksi mata dengan cara invasi langsung setelah penyebaran hematogen yang sejalan dengan inflamasi lokal atau melalui reaksi hipersensitivitas tipe lambat. Manifestasi klinis TB okular dapat menyerupai berbagai bentuk uveitis, tergantung lokasi, respons inang, dan tingkat virulensi bakteri. Diagnosis definitif membutuhkan konfirmasi Mycobacterium tuberculosis dari jaringan atau cairan okular. Tes kulit tuberkulin dan interferron-gamma release assays (IGRA) dapat digunakan untuk diagnosis pasien tanpa manifestasi sistemik. Diagnosis dan terapi yang terlambat dapat mengakibatkan kebutaan. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang diagnosis dan terapi TB okular.
Downloads
References
Biswan J. Ocular tuberculosis- An update. Kerala J Ophthalmol. Chennai. 2009;XXI(4):351-7.
Figueira L, Fonseca S, Ladeira I, Duarte R. Ocular tuberculosis: Position paper on diagnosis and management. Rev Port Pneumol. 2016;10.004:1-8.
Kee AR, Gonzalez-Lopez JJ, Al-Hity A, Gupta B, Lee CS, Gunasekeran DV, et al. Anti-tubercular therapy for intraocular tuberculosis: A systematic review and metaanalysis survey of ophthalmology. Survey Ophthalmol 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.03.001.
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2016. Switzerland: WHO; 2016.
Goyal JL, Jain P, Arora R, Dokania P. Ocular manifestation of tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberculosis. 2015;4:4.
Nora RLD, Sitompul R, Susiyanti M, Edwar L, Soedarman S. Clinical characteristic and therapy of presumed ocular tuberculosis and their relation to HIV status. Med J Indones. 2012;21(4):214-9.
Albert DM, Raven ML. Ocular tuberculosis. Microbial Spectrum. 2016;4(6):1-17
World Health Organization. Use of high burden country lists for TB by WHO in the Post-2015 Era. Switzerland. 2016.
Shakarchi FI. Ocular tuberculosis: Current perspectives. Dove Medical Press Ltd. 2015; 9:2223-7.
Gupta V, Shoughy SS, Mahajan S, Khairallah M, Rosenbaum JT, Curi A, et al. Clinics of ocular tuberculosis. Informa Healthcare. USA. 2016;23(1):14-24.
Parchand S, Gupta V, Gupta A, Sharma A. Intraocular tuberculosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res India. 2013;47(4):193-201.
Oray M, Zakiev Z, Cagatau T, Tugal-Tutkun I. Treatment result in serpiginous choroiditis and multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis associated with latent tuberculosis. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2017;47:89-93.
Bansal R, Gupta A, Gupta V, Dogra MR, Sharma A, Bambery P, et al. Tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis presenting as multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis. Am Acad Ophthalmol. 2012;119:2234-42.
Gupta A, Gupta V. Tubercular posterior uveitis. Internat Ophthalmol Clinics. 2005.
Mansour AM, Tabbara KF, Tabbarah Z. Isolated optic disc tuberculosis. Karger. 2015;6:317-20.
Kumar V, Chandra P, Kumar A. Ultra-wide field angiography in the management of eales disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2016;64:504-7.
Mendonca MD, Guedes M, Matias G, Costa J, Viana-Baptista M. Steroid-responsive painful ophthalmoplegia: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, eales disease, or both? International Headache Society. 2015.
Gupta A, Sharma A, Bansal R, Sharma K. Classification of intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015;23:7-13.
Lee C, Agrawal R, Paveslo C. Ocular tuberculosis- A clinical conundrum. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2016;24(2):237-42.
Gupta A, Sharma A, Bansal R, Sharma K. Classification of intraocular tuberculosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2014;1-7.
Chang K, Lu W, Wang J, Zhang K, Jia S, Li F, et al. Rapid and effective diagnosis of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance with Xpert MTB/RIF assay: A meta-analysis. J Infect. 2012; XX:1-9.
Sharma A, Thapa B, Lavaju P. Ocular tuberculosis: An update. Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2011;3(5):52-67
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
