Flebotomi Pada Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Dewasa Sianotik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i11.1211Kata Kunci:
eritrositosis, flebotomi, hiperviskositas, penyakit jantung bawaan dewasaAbstrak
Penyakit jantung bawaan dewasa merupakan kondisi kardiovaskular yang memerlukan intervensi medis ataupun bedah secara komprehensif. Sianosis pada kondisi ini disebabkan oleh pirau kanan ke kiri, diikuti dengan eritrositosis sekunder yang menyebabkan hiperviskositas. Faktor seperti dehidrasi dan defisiensi zat besi dapat memperburuk gejala hiperviskositas. Salah satu upaya
untuk mengurangi viskositas adalah flebotomi. Prosedur flebotomi harus disertai penggantian volume cairan yang adekuat untuk mencegah stroke akut. Walaupun flebotomi dapat menurunkan massa sel darah merah dan viskositas serum, prosedur ini harus dilakukan secara bijak dan tidak boleh berulang demi menghindari efek samping stroke. Flebotomi berulang tanpa indikasi yang tepat dapat menyebabkan defisiensi besi kronis dan eritrosit mikrositik yang justru meningkatkan risiko komplikasi serebrovaskular.
Indikasi flebotomi meliputi gejala hiperviskositas sedang hingga berat dengan hematokrit minimal 65% tanpa disertai dehidrasi
atau defisiensi zat besi. Manfaat flebotomi harus dipertimbangkan sesuai indikasi yang tepat demi luaran pasien penyakit jantung
bawaan dewasa yang lebih baik.
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