Hipoalbuminemia: Patofisiologi dan Tata Laksana

Tinjauan Pustaka

Penulis

  • Cynthia Lady Angelia Santosa Bandung Central Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1289

Kata Kunci:

Albumin, hipoalbuminemia, patofisiologi, tata laksana

Abstrak

Hipoalbuminemia adalah kondisi rendahnya kadar albumin dalam darah (<3,5 g/dL). Hipoalbuminemia lebih mencerminkan tingkat stres fisiologis akibat 1 atau lebih penyakit daripada kekurangan nutrisi. Hipoalbuminemia ditemukan terutama pada pasien rawat inap, sakit kritis, dan lanjut usia. Kondisi hipoalbuminemia berhubungan dengan status fungsional yang buruk, durasi rawat inap yang lebih lama, serta morbiditas dan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi. Tiga penyebab utama dari hipoalbuminemia antara lain: (1) Kurangnya produksi albumin, (2) Meningkatnya kehilangan albumin dari ginjal, traktus gastrointestinal, kulit, atau ruang ekstravaskular, dan (3) Meningkatnya katabolisme albumin. Tata laksana hipoalbuminemia berupa mencari penyebab dan suplementasi albumin oral atau parenteral. Pemberian albumin secara parenteral direkomendasikan pada kondisi tertentu, seperti pasien sirosis pasca-parasentesis dengan volume asites >5 liter, sindrom hepatorenal, peritonitis bakterial spontan, serta luka bakar >30% setelah 24 jam pertama. Pada pasien dengan sepsis, gagal napas akut, operasi besar non-kardiak dan operasi kardiak pemberian albumin parenteral dapat dipertimbangkan bila stabilitas hemodinamik tidak dapat dicapai dengan kristaloid. Sebaliknya, pemberian albumin secara parenteral tidak dianjurkan sebagai cairan pemeliharaan ataupun resusitasi awal pada pasien dengan trauma kepala akut.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

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Diterbitkan

2025-08-08

Cara Mengutip

Angelia, C. L. (2025). Hipoalbuminemia: Patofisiologi dan Tata Laksana: Tinjauan Pustaka. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran, 52(8), 521–525. https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1289

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