Kusta Multibasiler dengan Reaksi Tipe 2 pada Dewasa Muda: Laporan Kasus
Laporan Kasus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i12.1573Kata Kunci:
Erythema nodosum leprosum, kusta, laporan kasus, Mycobacterium lepraeAbstrak
Pendahuluan: Kusta atau Morbus Hansen adalah infeksi granulomatosa kronis disebabkan oleh Mycobacterium leprae yang menyerang kulit dan saraf perifer. Penyakit ini lebih sering terjadi pada laki-laki dan masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara endemis seperti Indonesia. Kasus: Dilaporkan seorang pria 23 tahun dengan keluhan bengkak pada kedua tangan, kaki, dan telinga, disertai rasa kebas serta nyeri menjalar. Pemeriksaan dermatologis menunjukkan papul dan nodul eritem multipel yang mati rasa dan terdistribusi simetris dengan onikodistrofi. Ditemukan pembesaran nervus auricularis magnus dan nervus tibialis posterior, serta gangguan sensorik pada nervus ulnaris. Pemeriksaan slit-skin smear pada telinga kiri menunjukkan bakteri tahan asam (2+ bakteri/lapang pandang). Pembahasan: Pasien didiagnosis kusta tipe multibasiler dengan reaksi tipe 2 (erythema nodosum leprosum). Reaksi ini merupakan respons imun kompleks yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan saraf permanen bila tidak segera ditangani. Simpulan: Penatalaksanaan komprehensif dengan kombinasi obat anti-kusta, corticosteroid, analgesik, vitamin B kompleks, serta rehabilitasi medik diperlukan untuk mencegah progresivitas kecacatan dan memperbaiki fungsi. Edukasi pasien dan kontrol berkala penting untuk keberhasilan terapi. Tantangan kasus ini adalah mencegah progresivitas kecacatan dan memaksimalkan fungsi yang tersisa melalui rehabilitasi medis yang komprehensif.
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Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa, Tri Kurnia Ahmad Islamuddin, Dykall Naf'an Dzikri, Ratih Pramuningtyas
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