Penyembuhan Luka Tanpa Bekas: Kemajuan dan Inovasi Terkini
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1678Kata Kunci:
Pengobatan regeneratif, penyembuhan tanpa bekas luka, penyembuhan lukaAbstrak
Penyembuhan luka tanpa bekas, yang secara alami terjadi pada kulit janin pertengahan gestasi, ditandai oleh respon inflamasi minimal, keseimbangan isoform transforming growth factor-β, serta matriks ekstraseluler sementara yang kaya kolagen tipe III dan hialuronan. Riset dasar selama puluhan tahun telah memetakan bagaimana faktor-faktor tersebut bekerja sinergis menghasilkan penutupan luka cepat dan regeneratif tanpa fibrosis. Upaya terapeutik dewasa terkini berfokus meniru lingkungan janin melalui modulasi sitokin terarah, khususnya menekan TGF-β1/β2 sekaligus menambah TGF-β3 yang bersifat antifibrotik. Sel punca mesenkimal (MSC) dan sekretomanya muncul sebagai imunomodulator kuat serta stimulator angiogenesis yang mengarahkan proses perbaikan menuju regenerasi, bukan skar. Rekayasa genetik, scaffold biomaterial, dan platform vesikula ekstraseluler semakin meningkatkan persistensi, homing, dan potensi parakrin MSC. Kemajuan paralel pada hidrogel biomimetik, microneedling berinti-selubung, dan balutan nanofiber menghadirkan pelepasan spasio-temporal faktor pertumbuhan, antimikroba, serta oksigen guna mengatur perbaikan jaringan secara terstruktur. Teknologi nano kombinatorial tersebut tidak hanya mempercepat epitelisasi ulang tetapi juga membatasi pengendapan kolagen hipertrofik, yang mengarah pada neodermis yang lebih rata dan elastis.
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