Sindrom Putus Steroid Anabolik Androgenik: Tinjauan untuk Praktisi Kesehatan
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i01.1680Kata Kunci:
Aksis HPG, sindrom putus AAS, steroid anabolik androgenik, terapi hormonalAbstrak
Penggunaan nonmedis steroid anabolik androgenik atau androgenic anabolic steroid (AAS) meningkat pesat di kalangan atlet, binaragawan, dan individu yang berfokus pada performa fisik ataupun estetika tubuh. Meskipun AAS memiliki manfaat terapeutik tertentu, penggunaan di luar pengawasan medis dapat menyebabkan sindrom putus AAS. Kondisi ini ditandai oleh gejala fisik dan psikologis, seperti kelelahan, penurunan libido, kecemasan, depresi, dan gangguan tidur. Mekanisme utamanya adalah supresi aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-gonad (HPG), yang menurunkan produksi testosteron endogen setelah penghentian AAS. Gangguan pada aksis ini tidak hanya menurunkan produksi testosterone endogen, tetapi juga mengubah dinamika hormon gonadotropin dan respons reseptor androgen. Beberapa faktor risiko, seperti dosis tinggi, durasi penggunaan yang panjang, pola penggunaan tertentu (cycling, stacking, pyramiding), serta riwayat gangguan psikologis, dapat memperberat gejala putus obat. Penatalaksanaan sindrom putus AAS mencakup terapi hormonal jangka pendek, obat perangsang produksi testosterone endogen, intervensi psikologis, serta rehabilitasi fisik. Pendekatan multidisiplin dan pemantauan medis ketat diperlukan untuk memulihkan fungsi endokrin, mencegah komplikasi, serta meningkatkan kesejahteraan psikologis pasien. Makalah ini memberikan tinjauan komprehensif untuk membantu praktisi kesehatan mengenali, mendiagnosis, dan menangani sindrom putus AAS secara tepat.
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