Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV): Gambaran Klinis dan Tata Laksana
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v52i8.1807Kata Kunci:
HMPV, Human Metapneumovirus, penyakit pernapasanAbstrak
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) beberapa waktu lalu telah menjadi perhatian internasional akibat lonjakan kasus yang signifikan di Cina. HMPV merupakan virus RNA famili Pneumoviridae, salah satu patogen pernapasan yang umumnya musiman dan menyebabkan epidemi periodik. Penularan HMPV terjadi melalui percikan air liur, kemudian virus berinkubasi sekitar 3 hingga 5 hari, bervariasi antar individu. Gejalanya sulit dibedakan dari infeksi human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Gejala klinis yang umumnya dialami oleh penderita HMPV yaitu demam, batuk, infeksi saluran napas atas, atau infeksi saluran napas bawah. HMPV dapat menginfeksi seluruh kelompok usia, namun gejala ditemukan lebih berat jika menginfeksi bayi, kelompok lanjut usia, dan pasien dengan penyakit komorbid atau kondisi imunosupresi. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) masih menjadi modalitas utama dalam membantu menegakkan diagnosis infeksi HMPV. Belum ada vaksin atau terapi untuk mengatasi HMPV, selain terapi suportif seperti antipiretik, suplementasi oksigen, dan terapi hidrasi cairan. Beberapa penelitian terkait tata laksana HMPV masih terus berkembang.
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