Penyakit Autoimun dan Terapi Herbal: Peran Nanoteknologi terhadap Efektivitas Obat Herbal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v46i3.499Kata Kunci:
Herbal, miastenia gravis, nanoteknologi, penyakit autoimunAbstrak
Penyakit autoimun adalah penyakit akibat kesalahan pengenalan sistem imun dalam tubuh, sehingga sel yang sewajarnya dilindungi malah dianggap musuh. Miastenia gravis (MG) merupakan salah satu penyakit autoimun yang mengenai neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Obat kortikosteroid seperti prednisolon, obat imunosupresan seperti azathioprine, bisa digunakan untuk membantu menekan respons imun tubuh yang berlebihan. Cholinesterase inhibitor, seperti pyridostigmine, dapat memperbaiki komunikasi antara sel saraf dan otot. Penggunaan jangka panjang obat-obat di atas dapat menimbulkan masalah yang berkaitan dengan efikasi, dosis serta efek samping, dan biaya pengobatan. Pada beberapa penelitian hewan coba, ekstrak herbal Acalypha indica Linn (AI) memperlihatkan efek hampir sama dengan pyridostigmine pada MG. Untuk meningkatkan efikasinya, ekstrak AI ini perlu diproses melalui pengembangan nanoteknologi. Penggunaan sediaan dalam bentuk nano diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efek terapeutik dan meminimalkan dampak negatif serta pembiayaan.
Autoimmune disease is an illness in which the immune system produces antibodies that attack normal body tissues. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Corticosteroid drugs such as prednisolone, and immunosuppressant drugs such as azathioprine, can be used to help suppress the body’s excessive immune response. Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as pyridostigmine, can improve communication between nerve cells and muscles, but long-term use can cause problems related to efficacy, doses, side effects, and medical costs. Studies in experimental animals show the effect of Acalypha indica Linn (AI) extract is almost the same as pyridostigmine. In the future, research needs to be done to improve the efficacy of this drug through the development of nanotechnology.
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