Riwayat Merokok sebagai Faktor Risiko Kematian Mendadak akibat Penyebab Kardiovaskular: Laporan Kasus Berbasis Bukti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v50i7.959Kata Kunci:
Merokok, kematian kardiak mendadak, kematian mendadakAbstrak
Latar Belakang: Penyebab kematian mendadak yang utama adalah penyakit kardiovaskular yang dikenal sebagai kematian kardiak mendadak, di mana 80% disebabkan oleh penyakit jantung koroner. Salah satu faktor risiko penyakit jantung koroner adalah merokok. Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018, prevalensi nasional perokok pada populasi usia >10 tahun sekitar 28,8%. Tinjauan ini akan menelusuri riwayat merokok sebagai faktor risiko kematian kardiak mendadak. Metode: Pencarian artikel dari 3 database, yaitu Pubmed, Cochrane, dan ScienceDirect dengan kata kunci “(Sudden Cardiac Death) AND (Smoking)”. Pencarian berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi serta telaah kritis sesuai panduan untuk studi etiologi. Hasil: Didapatkan 1 artikel systematic review yang memenuhi kriteria, yaitu studi Aune D, et al, (2018). Hasil studi tersebut yaitu pasien dewasa dengan riwayat merokok mempunyai risiko tiga kali lebih besar untuk mengalami kematian kardiak mendadak dibandingkan pasien tanpa riwayat merokok. Simpulan: Risiko kematian kardiak mendadak meningkat tiga kali pada pasien perokok aktif.
Background: The most common cause of death is cardiovascular disease, known as cardiac death; 80% of cardiac deaths were associated with coronary heart disease. One of the risk factors for coronary heart disease is smoking. According to the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas), the national prevalence of smokers at the age of >10 years is around 28.8%. This review will explore the association of smoking history as a risk factor for cardiac death. Methods: Search articles from 3 databases: Pubmed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect with the keywords “(Sudden Cardiac Death) AND (Smoking)”. Search based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and critical review according to guidelines for etiological studies. Results: One systematic review article met the criteria, namely the study of Aune D, et al, (2018). Adult patients with a history of smoking have a 3x higher risk of cardiac death compared to patients without a history of smoking. Conclusion: The risk of sudden cardiac death increases three times in patients who are active smokers.
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