Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Urtikaria Kronik
Tinjauan Pustaka
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i04.1509Kata Kunci:
Antihistamin, kondisi inflamasi kulit, kualitas hidup, urtikaria kronikAbstrak
Urtikaria kronik merupakan kondisi inflamasi kulit dengan karakteristik lesi kulit urtika, angioedema, atau keduanya, terjadi secara terusmenerus atau sporadis selama 6 minggu atau lebih, dapat spontan atau diinduksi faktor tertentu. Dampak urtikaria kronik secara signifikan mencakup ketidaknyamanan fisik hingga gangguan kesehatan mental (terutama kecemasan dan depresi), disfungsi seksual, gangguan hubungan interpersonal, aktivitas sehari-hari termasuk pekerjaan dan sekolah. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis, dengan pemeriksaan tambahan dilakukan pada kasus tertentu untuk menyingkirkan penyebab sekunder. Tata laksana meliputi antihistamin sebagai terapi lini pertama, dengan eskalasi terapi sesuai respons pasien. Pendekatan terapi individualistik ini mengikuti prinsip step-up atau step-down berdasarkan derajat kontrol penyakit. Target tata laksana yaitu remisi penyakit dengan indikator skor aktivitas penyakit (urticaria activity score/UAS) berkelanjutan 0, penyakit terkontrol dengan skor kontrol penyakit (urticaria control test/UCT) 16, dan kualitas hidup normal. Pemahaman yang baik mengenai kondisi ini serta edukasi kepada pasien sangat penting untuk membantu mengontrol gejala dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup secara keseluruhan.
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