Efektivitas Suplementasi Lutein dan Zeaxanthin terhadap Perkembangan Atrofi Geografis dan Ketajaman Penglihatan pada Degenerasi Makula Terkait Usia: Tinjauan Sistematis Berdasarkan Uji Klinis
Tinjauan Sistematik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i05.2155Kata Kunci:
Degenerasi makula terkait usia, Atrofi geografis, lutein, zeaxanthinAbstrak
Pendahuluan: Atrofi geografis (GA) merupakan bentuk lanjut degenerasi makula terkait usia (AMD) tipe kering yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan penglihatan sentral berat jika progresivitasnya meluas hingga ke area fovea. Saat ini, pilihan modalitas terapi GA masih terbatas dengan profil keamanan yang perlu evaluasi lebih lanjut. Lutein dan zeaxanthin sebagai komponen utama formula Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS2) menjadi fokus penelitian saat ini. Keduanya merupakan antioksidan yang terkonsentrasi di makula, yang memiliki efek protektif terhadap struktur retina dan mengurangi stres oksidatif. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas suplementasi oral lutein dan zeaxanthin terhadap progresivitas GA dan ketajaman penglihatan pasien AMD. Metode: Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada 4 database biomedis berdasarkan protokol Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Sebanyak 4 studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil: Analisis menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi oral lutein (10 mg/hari) dan zeaxanthin (2 mg/hari) dapat mengurangi progresivitas GA non-sentral dan menstabilkan atau memperbaiki ketajaman penglihatan pasien AMD. Lutein dosis 10 mg dan 20 mg memiliki efektivitas serupa dalam memperbaiki ketajaman penglihatan melalui peningkatan nilai densitas optik pigmen makula (MPOD). Simpulan: Berdasarkan temuan tinjauan sistematis ini, suplementasi oral dengan lutein (10 mg/hari) dan zeaxanthin (2 mg/hari), sebagaimana terkandung dalam formulasi AREDS2, tampaknya dapat memperlambat perkembangan GA nonsentral dan menjaga integritas fovea (foveal sparing). Studi jangka panjang lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi manfaat klinis dan keamanan jangka panjang.
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