Diagnosis and Management of Glaucoma
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v51i7.1017Keywords:
Glaucoma, blindness, intraocular pressureAbstract
Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in the world. The most common type is open-angle glaucoma. In open-angle glaucoma, intraocular pressure slowly rises, causing nerve damage which will gradually narrow the visual field. Treatment involves surgical as well as medical options. Several classifications of drugs with different mechanisms of action can be combined. Several treatment options will be discussed in this article.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Blindness and vision impairment [Internet]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment.
Boyd K. What is glaucoma? Symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-glaucoma.
Jonas JB, Wang N, Wang YX, You QS, Yang D, Xu L. Ocular hypertension: General characteristics and estimated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The Beijing Eye Study 2011. PLoS One 2014;9(7):e100533.
Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Genetics of glaucoma. Hum Mol Genet. 2017;26(RI 1):R21-7.
Imrie C, Tatham AJ. Glaucoma: The patient's perspective. Br J Gen Pract. 2016;66:0-373.
Li X, Chan E, Liao J, Wong T, Aung T, Cheng CY. Number of people with glaucoma in Asia in 2020 and 2040: A hierarchical bayesian meta-analysis. IOVS. 2013;54:15.
European Glaucoma Society terminology and guidelines for glaucoma, 4th Edition - Chapter 2: Classification and terminology supported by the EGS Foundation: Part 1: Foreword; introduction; glossary; Chapter 2 Classification and terminology. Br J Ophthalmol. 2017;101(5):73-127.
Allison K, Patel D, Alabi O. Epidemiology of glaucoma: The past, present, and predictions for the future. Cureus 2020;12(11):e11686. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11686.
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Primary open-angle glaucoma PPP [Internet]. 2020 . Available from: https://www.aao.org/education/preferred-practice-pattern/primary-open-angle-glaucoma-ppp.
Schuster AK, Erb C, Hoffmann EM, Dietlein T, Pfeiffer N. The diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020;117(13):225-34.
Glaucoma: Diagnosis and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017.
Faseeh AE, Allam RS, Shalash AB, Abd Elmohsen MN. Comparison between latanoprost, travoprost, and tafluprost in reducing intraocular pressure fluctuations in patients with glaucoma. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2021;31(6):3018-26.
Mirza GE, Karakucuk S, Temel E. Comparison of the effects of 0.5% timolol maleate, 2% carteolol hydrochloride, and 0.3% metipranolol on intraocular pressure and perimetry findings and evaluation of their ocular and systemic effects. J Glaucoma. 2000;9(1):45-50.
Yuksel N, Karabas L, Altintas O, Yildirim Y, Caglar Y. A comparison of the short-term hypotensive effects and side effects of unilateral brimonidine and apraclonidine in patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Ophthalmologica. 2002;216(1):45-9.
Robin AL. Ocular hypotensive efficacy and safety of a combined formulation of betaxolol and pilocarpine. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1996;94:89-101;discussion 101-3.
Michaud JE, Friren B. International Brinzolamide Adjunctive Study Group. Comparison of topical brinzolamide 1% and dorzolamide 2% eye drops given twice daily in addition to timolol 0.5% in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;132(2):235-43.
Alm A, Berggren L, Hartvig P, Roosdorp M. Monitoring acetazolamide treatment. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1982;60(1):24-34.
Rolim-de-Moura CR, Paranhos A Jr, Loutfi M, Burton D, Wormald R, Evans JR. Laser trabeculoplasty for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;8(8):CD003919.
Toteberg-Harms M, Meier-Gibbons F. Is laser trabeculoplasty the new star in glaucoma treatment? Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2021;32(2):141-7.
Park J, Rittiphairoj T, Wang X, E JY, Bicket AK. Device-modified trabeculectomy for glaucoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023;3(3):CD010472.
Kwon HJ, Kong YXG, Tao LW, Lim LL, Martin KR, Green C, et al. Surgical outcomes of trabeculectomy and glaucoma drainage implant for uveitic glaucoma and relationship with uveitis activity. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017;45(5):472-80.
Lanza M, Gironi Carnevale UA, Mele L, Bifani Sconocchia M, Bartollino S, Costagliola C. Morphological and functional evaluation of oral citicoline therapy in chronic open-angle glaucoma patients: A pilot study with a 2-year follow-up. Front Pharmacol. 2019;10:1117.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nugroho Nitiyoso
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
