Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Evidence-Based Case Report
Evidence-Based Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55175/cdk.v53i10.2240Kata Kunci:
Glucose metabolism, glycemic control, gut microbiota, probiotics, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstrak
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a global health challenge with rising prevalence and significant long-term complications. Emerging evidence highlights the role of gut microbiota in glucose metabolism, with probiotics proposed as a potential adjunctive therapy to improve glycemic control. Methods: Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses published within the last five years. Studies were critically appraised using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) tools and outcomes for fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HOMA-IR were assessed. Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria, including one network meta-analysis and five RCTs. Probiotic supplementation, particularly multi-strain formulations of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, significantly improved FBG and HbA1c and enhanced β-cell function. However, heterogeneity in strains, dosage, and intervention duration limited definitive conclusions. Most studies reported that probiotic supplementation is well tolerated, with only mild and transient gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation, especially a multi-strain combination of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, may be a safe additional therapy to improve blood sugar control in people with type 2 diabetes. Larger clinical trials with stronger methodologies are still needed to determine the optimal dose, strain composition, and duration of supplementation.
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